西内复习精华（The essence of Ciney review）.doc

西内复习精华（The essence of Ciney review） Unit 1 respiratory diseases I. bronchitis 1. acute bronchial bronchitis major lesions: acute inflammation of the tracheobronchial mucosa (X-ray: lung texture thickening) 2. chronic bronchitis (CB), chronic inflammation of trachea and bronchus and surrounding tissue. Diagnosis: Based on medical history and symptoms. Obstructive emphysema. Identification of tuberculosis: chest X-ray examination. Simplex: chronic cough, white mucus or frothy sputum. Wheezing types: auscultation, wheezing, and expiration. Acute attack: primary treatment, control infection. (etiology, infection, etc) Purulent sputum appeared in 1 weeks, and the amount of sputum increased obviously. Chronic migration: cough, sputum and wheezing for more than 1 months. Two. Obstructive emphysema (COPD) and chronic pulmonary heart disease 1. X ray findings of pulmonary hypertension: dilatation of the lower right pulmonary trunk. Auscultation: pulmonary valve area, second heart sound hyperfunction. Right ventricular enlargement: systolic murmur and three tricuspid valve under pulsatile xiphoid. 2. common causes of pulmonary heart disease: chronic bronchitis complicated with obstructive pulmonary emphysema (pulmonary vascular resistance increased) The cause of secondary leukocytosis is chronic hypoxia. Most of the arrhythmias were atrial premature and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. 3., it is helpful to distinguish pulmonary heart disease from left atrioventricular valve disease: left atrioventricular valve, auscultation area, murmur Identification of mitral valve disease: mitral auscultation, murmur. Differentiate from coronary heart disease and heart failure: electrocardiogram and X ray examination have left ventricular hypertrophy. 4. treatment: pulmonary heart disease vasodilator: phentolamine. Key treatment measures for acute exacerbation of pulmonary heart disease: control of respiratory tract infection. (before treatment, prone to respiratory acidosis and me