will climate change, genetic and demographic variation or rat predation pose the greatest risk for persistence of an altitudinally distributed island endemic将气候变化、基因和人口变化或鼠捕食构成最大的风险高度的分布式岛特有的持久性.pdf
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Biology 2012, 1, 736-765; doi:10.3390/biology1030736
OPEN ACCESS
biology
ISSN 2079-7737
/journal/biology
Article
Will Climate Change, Genetic and Demographic Variation or
Rat Predation Pose the Greatest Risk for Persistence of an
Altitudinally Distributed Island Endemic?
1 2 3 4
Catherine Laura Simmons , Tony D. Auld , Ian Hutton , William J. Baker and
Alison Shapcott 1,*
1 Faculty of Science Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast,
Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia; E-Mail: Csimmons@.au
2 Office of Environment and Heritage (NSW), P.O. Box 1967 Hurstville, NSW 2220, Australia;
E-Mail: tony.auld@.au
3 P.O. Box 157, Lord Howe Island, NSW 2898, Australia; E-Mail: ianhutton@.au
4 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK; E-Mail: w.baker@
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ashapcot@.au;
Tel.: +61-7-5430-1211; Fax: +61-7-5430-2881.
Received: 3 September 2012; in revised form: 29 October 2012 / Accepted: 16 November 2012 /
Published: 23 November 2012
Abstract: Species endemic to mountains on oceanic islands are subject to a number of
existing threats (in particular, invasive species) along with the impacts of a rapidly
changing climate. The Lord Howe Island endemic palm Hedyscepe canterburyana is
restricted to two mountains above 300 m altitude. Predation by the introduced Black Rat
(Rattu
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