《英语教学法》Unit 7 Teaching Grammar.ppt

Unit 7 Teaching Grammar The role of grammar in language learning Grammar presentation Grammar practice 1. The role of grammar in language teaching 1.1 Grammar and communicative language ability According to Hymes (1971) : Possibility/Feasibility/Appropriateness/Performance According to Canale and Swain (1980)： Grammatical or linguistic competence/Sociocultural competence /Discourse competence /Strategic competence Hedge (2002): Linguistic competence, Pragmatic competence, Discourse competence, Strategic competence Fluency 1.2 Grammar and language proficiency Most research has agreed that there is a positive role of instruction for grammar learning. grammar teaching “can enhance learner proficiency and accuracy and facilitate the internalization of its syntactic system”.(Hinkel and Fotos, 2002) instructed learners are found to outperform uninstructed learners in their rate of learning and level of achievement (Long, 1988). 2. Grammar presentation 2.1 General approaches to grammar presentation 2.1.1 Extracts from lessons teaching some and any Read the two extracts from lessons teaching some and any, then think about the difference between the two presentations. 2.1.2 Deductive and inductive Deductive approach (演绎法) the teacher gives a grammatical explanation or rules first, and then asks them to use the rules to do a set of exercises in order to understand the grammatical points. Defects: 1. It teaches grammar in an isolated way 2. Little attention is paid to meaning; 3. The practice is often mechanical. Merits: It could be very successful with selected and motivated students. It could save time when students are confronted with a grammar rule which is complex but which has to be learned . It may help to increase students’ confidence in those examinations which are written with accuracy as the main criterion of success. Inductive approach (归纳法） The teacher provides learners with authentic language data and induces the learners to realis