高中语法定语从句.doc

定语从句 限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句由三部分组成： 先行词+关系词+定语从句 学好定语从句的关键有4点：①明确关系词的 作用有3点：连接，代替和作成分。②会分析定语从句的句子结构，从而确定用关系代词，还是关系副词，而不是简单的根据先行词来确定关系词。③注意一些特殊的定语从句，主要看先行词和先行词前的修饰语，从而确定选用正确的关系词，④尤其记住what，how不能引导定语从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose;关系副词有:when, where, why. （一）先行词是人 ①作主语 n.+ who/that +定语从句 （who/that不能省略） ②作宾语 n.+ who/that/whom/\ +定从 ③作定语 n.+ whose+主语+谓语+… = n.+ the 主语+of whom+谓语… = n.+ of whom the 主语+谓语… （二）先行词是物 ①作主语 n.+ which/that +定语从句 （which/that不能省略） ②作宾语 n.+ which/that/\ +定从 ③作定语 n.+ whose+主语+谓语+… = n.+ the主语+of which+谓语… = n.+ of which the 主语+谓语… ④作状语 n.（时间）+when=介词+which+定从 n.（地点）+where=介词+which+定从 reason（原因）+why=for which/省略+定从 way（方式）+that=in which/省略+定从 （三）介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 1.名词/代词/数词/形容词最高级+of +whom/which 一般在定语从句中作主语 常用此结构的代词有both, all, some, few, little, a little, many, much, none, half〕 I have seen many foreigners. Most of them are very clever. I have seen many foreigners; Most of them are very clever. I have se I have seen many foreigners, and most of them are very clever. I have many seen foreigners, most of whom are very clever. 2.介词+which/whom 一般在定语从句中作状语。 根据①定语从句的谓语选择适当的介词。②先行词选用关系代词whom（人）/which（物）。 注意：如果定语从句的谓语动词是短语动词，介词不可以提前。如：look for, look after, look forward to, take care of Is this the knife which you are looking for? 3介词+which+名词（作状语）+定语从句=and+介词+that/this+名词 She suffered from illness, in which case her husband had to stay home. = She suffered from illness, and in that case her husband had to stay home. Tom spent 4 years in college, during which time he learned French. = Tom spent 4 years in college, and during this time he learned French 4.介词短语+关系代词（作状语）=介词+whose+名词.=and 介词 +形物代+名词 ①He works in a factory, in front of which there is a river. = He works in a factory, in whose front there is a river. ②Jack is a famous doctor, with the help of whom they succeed in an operation. = Jack is a famous doctor, with whose hel