胡壮麟《语言学教程》第三版语音学Phonetics课件11.ppt

Linguistics: A Coursebook Chapter Ⅱ Phonetics 外语系 张Andy Chapter Ⅱ Phonetics 1. Definition 2. Branches 3. Phonetic Description 4. Phonetic Transcription 5. Phonetic Classification 1. Definition Phonetics is the study of speech sounds as they are and methods for their description, transcription and classification. 3. Phonetic Description Lips, teeth, tongue (tip, blade, front, back, root) teeth ridge (alveolus), hard palate, soft palate, uvula, pharynx, larynx, vocal fold (cords), trachea (windpipe), lung. 4. Phonetic Transcription Segment and divergence International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) Coarticulation 4.1 Segment and divergence Segment: any linguistic unit in a sequence which may be isolated from the rest of the sequence, e.g. a sound in an utterance or a letter in a written text. (Feasibility) Divergence: between sounds and symbols (necessity) 4.2 International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) History and development: 1886, 1888, 1897, 1920s, 1993, 1996. Main principle: there should be a separate letter for each distinctive sound, and the same symbol should be used for that sound in any language in which it appears. Table of IPA (on Page 38 of the textbook) 4.3 Coarticulation Coarticulation: the influence on a sound by its neighbors e.g. cap [kap] can [kan] The vowel in the second word is nasalized, thus marked with “ ” above. Broad and narrow transcriptions: without or with diacritics e.g. can [kan] (broad) can [kan] (narrow) 5. Phonetic Classification 5.3 Classification of vowels 5.3 Classification of vowels References Roach, P. English Phonetics and Phonology. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. Robins, R. H. General Linguistics. 4th ed. London: Longman, 1989. Saussure. F. de. Course in General Linguistics. (tr. W. Baskin) Glasgow: Collins, 1989. 何善芬.《实用英语语音》.北京:北京师范大学出版,1992. 胡壮麟.《语言学教程》.(修订版).北京:北京大学出版社,2001. 胡壮麟.《语言学教程》.(第三版).北京:北京大学出版社,2006. The End 外语系 张Andy * * 2. Branches The study falls into three main are