2018届高考英语二轮专题复习 定语从句讲义.doc

定语从句 【考纲解读】 根据考纲要求,考生应做到: 1.熟练掌握关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句; 2.区分限制性和非限制性定语从句; 3. 定语从句中的主谓一致； 4. which与that的区别；as与which的区别；whose与of which的转换。 【考点纵横】 [ 2016年全国卷 2015年新课标卷 2015~2016年地方卷 ?目前这么考 ●全国Ⅲ卷(定语从句who;状语从句as / when) ●新课标Ⅰ卷(定语从句关系代词that / which) ●新课标Ⅱ卷(定语从句where) ●2016年江苏(定语从句) ●2016年浙江(定语从句) ●2016年北京(定语从句) ●2015年湖南(非限制性定语从句which) ●2015年广东(定语从句where) ●2015年四川(定语从句whose) 今后怎么考 找准先行词，准确判断先行词在定语从句中所做的成分。 关注定语从句的考查重点，难点和交叉点。并列句，状语从句，强调句，名词性从句和定语从句的综合考查。 【考题导引】 1.(2016全国Ⅲ)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 　　　　lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC, influenced the development of chopsticks. 解析：who　此处who引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。 2.(2016江苏)Many young people，most of _______ were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.? 解析：whom　本题定语从句的先行词是people，关系代词whom指代先行词people，在从句中作介词of的宾语。 3．(2016浙江)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of ________ has been proved.? 解析：　这是一个非限制性定语从句, 先行词是theories，指物，这里用“代词 + of + which”引导定语从句，which作介词of的宾语。 4．(2016北京)I live door to a couple ___________ children often make a lot of noise.? 解析：　whose couple是先行词，children和couple是所属关系，故填whose。 5. (2015陕西)As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time __________ he should be able to be independent.? 解析when　此处用when引导定语从句修饰先行词the time，the time在从句中作时间状语。 【知识梳理】 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who, whom, whose引导的定语从句 (1)who 或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。 ①I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year. 我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。 ②I have many friends to whom I’m going to send post cards. 我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。 (2)whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which；指人时相当于of whom。 The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. 这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。 2．that, which引导的定语从句 (1)which指物，在从句中可以作主语、宾语，也可作定语，作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物均可，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。 She showed th