smoking and socio-demographic determinant of cardiovascular diseases among males 45+ years in indonesia吸烟和socio-demographic行列式的心血管疾病在男性中45 +年的印尼.pdf

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8, 528-539; doi:10.3390/ijerph8020528 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ISSN 1660-4601 /journal/ijerph Article Smoking and Socio-Demographic Determinant of Cardiovascular Diseases among Males 45+ Years in Indonesia Wasis Sumartono 1,*, Anna M. Sirait 2, Maria Holy 3 and Hasbullah Thabrany 4 1 Center for Humanities, Health Policy and Community Empowerment, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Indonesian Ministry of Health, Jl. Percetakan Negara No. 23 A, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia 2 Center for Health Intervention Technology, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Indonesian Ministry of Health, Jl. Percetakan Negara No. 29, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia; E-Mail: annamaria@litbang.depkes.go.id 3 Center for Applied Health Technology and Clinical Epidemiology, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Indonesian Ministry of Health, Jl. Percetakan Negara No. 29, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia; E-Mail: maria@litbang.depkes.go.id 4 Center for Health Economics and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia; E-Mail: hasbullah.thabrany@ui.ac.id * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: w_sumartono@; Tel.: +62-21-4243314; Fax: +62-21-42 11845. Received: 15 January 2011 / Accepted: 15 February 2011 / Published: 16 February 2011