the impact of menthol cigarettes on smoking initiation among non-smoking young females in japan薄荷香烟的影响吸烟不吸烟的青年女性中开始在日本.pdf

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8, 1-14; doi:10.3390/ijerph8010001 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ISSN 1660-4601 /journal/ijerph Article The Impact of Menthol Cigarettes on Smoking Initiation among Non-Smoking Young Females in Japan Gregory N. Connolly 1,*, Ilan Behm 1,*, Yoneatsu Osaki 2 and Geoffrey F. Wayne 1 1 Center for Global Tobacco Control, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Landmark Center, 3rd Floor East, Boston, MA 02215, USA; E-Mail: ferriswayne@ (G.F.W.) 2 Department of Environmental and Preventative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Nishimachi 86, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan; E-Mail: yoneatsu@med.tottori-u.ac.jp (Y.O.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: gconnoll@ (G.N.C.); ibehm@ (I.B.); Tel.: +1-617-496-2731; Fax: +1-617-495-8563. Received: 18 November 2010; in revised form: 17 December 2010 / Accepted: 22 December 2010 / Published: 23 December 2010 Abstract: Japan presents an excellent case-study of a nation with low female smoking rates and a negligible menthol market which changed after the cigarette market was opened to foreign competition. Internal tobacco industry documents demonstrate the intent of tobacco manufacturers to increase initiation among young females t