antibodies recognizing mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis epitopes cross-react with the beta-cell antigen znt8 in sardinian type 1 diabetic patients交叉反应的抗体识别的鸟型分支杆菌类结核抗原表位与撒丁岛人的β细胞抗原znt8 1型糖尿病患者.pdf

Antibodies Recognizing Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis Epitopes Cross-React with the Beta-Cell Antigen ZnT8 in Sardinian Type 1 Diabetic Patients 1 1 1 2,3 4 Speranza Masala , Daniela Paccagnini , Davide Cossu , Vedran Brezar , Adolfo Pacifico , Niyaz 5 2,3,6 1 Ahmed , Roberto Mallone *, Leonardo A. Sechi * ` 1 Sezione di Microbiologia e Virologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy, 2 INSERM, U986, DeAR Lab Avenir, Cochin/Saint ´ ´ ` Vincent de Paul Hospital, Paris, France, 3 Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France, 4 Servizio di Diabetologia, Istituto di Clinica Medica, Universita degli ˆ ˆ Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy, 5 School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, India, 6 Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Hotel Dieu Hospital, Department of Diabetology, Paris, France Abstract The environmental factors at play in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) remain enigmatic. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is transmitted from dairy herds to humans through food contamination. MAP causes an asymptomatic infection that is highly prevalent in Sardinian T1D patients compared with type 2 dia