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当前中国城市居民的收入不平等.doc

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当前中国城市居民的收入不平等: 一种权力衍生论的解释*   Income Inequality in Contemporary Urban China :A Power Generation Explanation   Xin LIU   Department of Sociology   The Chinese University of Hong Kong   Email :liuxinzane@   ════════════   中文提要:本文在泽兰尼的制度主义分层观的基础上,把吉拉斯对传统社会主义权威结构的分析与新制度经济学的产权制度的分析结合起来,并整合了索伦森的租金概念,提出了用以解释转型期中国阶层分化机制的“权力衍生论”。作者认为,传统计划经济的基本制度安排决定了人力资本只能以非市场贸易的方式同生产资料结合,也决定了剩余以国家租金的形式存在;再分配者在再分配过程中偏向自己而导致了不平等。但高度集中的财政等制度以及意识形态的约束,防止了租金权力转变为权力精英的“寻租能力”。在放权让利的改革和市场化过程中,社会经济制度安排发生了变化,新的制度安排不但为公共权力继续以再分配权力的形式在阶层分化中发挥作提供了制度基础,还为公共权力衍生成权力精英的“寻租能力”并以与再分配权力不同的机制对阶层分化产生影响提供了条件;而随着市场机制的发育,市场能力也在阶层分化中起着重要作用。因此,当前中国市场经济的基本制度安排决定了再分配权力、寻租能力和市场能力共同构成了阶层分化的动力基础。基于此论的关于收入分配的研究假设,得到了2003年取自武汉的抽样调查资料的支持。研究结果表明,权力衍生论比“权力转移论”和“权力持续论”都能更好地解释当前中国社会的精英循环/再生现象。   ABSTRACT:Based on Szelenyi ‘s institutional perspective on social inequality,this study develops a “power generation theory ”to explain the mechanism of socialstratification in contemporary China.The theoretical construction attempts to integratedDjilas’analysis of socialist domination and the new institutionalist analysis ofproperty rights ,as well as incorporated Sorensen ‘s conceptualization of rent,into an institutional framework to unravel how and why the three coexisting privilegesof redistributive power ,rent seeking ability ,and marketability co-constitutethe dynamic basis of social stratification in the institutional arrangement of the“socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics ”,and explain in particularwhy different kinds of power elite are able to enjoy their life chance advantages,be they bureaucrat,technocrat ,or manager of public firm.   The author argues that under traditional Chinese totalitarian socialism ,thebasic institutional arrangement was characterized by the administrative principal-agentstructure of the management of state-monopolized public productive assets ,andthe administrative erosion of the property rights of human capital.These institutionalarrangements determined that human capital
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