语言学讲义及习题.doc

Chapter one The Goals for this Course To get a scientific view on language; To understand some basic theories on linguistics; To understand the applications of the linguistic theories, especially in the fields of language teaching learning (SLA or TEFL), cross-cultural communication……; To prepare for the future research work. The Requirements for this course Class attendance Classroom discussion Fulfillment of the assignment Examination Reference Books 戴炜栋，何兆熊，(2002)，《新编简明英语语言学教程》，上海外语教育出版社。 胡壮麟，(2001)，《语言学教程》，北京大学出版社。 胡壮麟，李战子，《语言学简明教程》，北京大学出版社 刘润清，(1995)，《西方语言学流派》，外语教学与研究出版社。 Fromkin,V. R. Rodman, (1998), An Introduction to Language the sixth edition, Orlando, Florida: Holt, Ranehart Winston, Inc. 许国璋先生认为把语言定义成交际工具不够科学,至少不够严谨.他对语言的定义做了如下概括:语言是一种符号系统. 当它作用于人与人之间的关系的时候,它是表达相互反应的中介; 当它作用于人与客观世界的关系的时候,它是认知事物的工具; 当它作用于文化的时候,它是文化的载体. Teaching aims: let the students have the general idea about language and linguistics. Teaching difficulties: design features of language; some important distinctions in linguistics Why do we study language? A tool for communication An integral part of our life and humanity If we are not fully aware of the nature and mechanism of our language, we will be ignorant of what constitutes our essential humanity. What can language mean? Language can mean what a person says (e.g. bad language, expressions) the way of speaking or writing (e.g. Shakespeare’s language, Luxun’s language) a particular variety or level of speech or writing (e.g. language for special purpose, colloquial language) the abstract system underlying the totality of the speech/writing behavior of a community (e.g. Chinese language, first language) the common features of all human languages (e.g. He studies language) a tool for human communication. (social function) a set of rules. (rule-governed) The origins of languagethe myth of language The Biblical account Language was God’s gift to human beings. The bow-wow theory Language was an imitation of natural sounds, such