基尼系数、泰尔指数等几个公平性评价介绍(英文).ppt

Measuring Inequality An examination of the purpose and techniques of inequality measurement in·equal·i·ty Function: noun1 : the quality of being unequal or uneven: as a : lack of evenness b : social disparity c : disparity of distribution or opportunity d : the condition of being variable : changeableness 2 : an instance of being unequal Physical attributes – distribution of natural ability is not equal Personal Preferences – Relative valuation of leisure and work effort differs Social Process – Pressure to work or not to work varies across particular fields or disciplines Public Policy – tax, labor, education, and other policies affect the distribution of resources How do we measure Inequality? Before choosing an inequality measure, the researcher must ask two additional questions: Does the research question require the inequality metric to have particular properties (inflation resistance, comparability across groups, etc)? What metric best leverages the available data? Choosing the best metric Range Range Ratio The McLoone Index The Coefficient of Variation The Gini Coefficient Theil’s T Statistic Range Range Pros Easy to Understand Easy to Compute Cons Ignores all but two of the observations Does not weight observations Affected by inflation Skewed by outliers Range Ratio Range Ratio Pros Easy to understand Easy to calculate Not skewed by severe outliers Not affected by inflation Cons Ignores all but two of the observations Does not weight observations The McLoone Index The McLoone Index Pros Easy to understand Conveys comprehensive information about the bottom half Cons Ignores values above the median Relevance depends on the meaning of the median value The Coefficient of Variation The Coefficient of Variation Pros Fairly easy to understand If data is weighted, it is immune to outliers Incorporates all data Not skewed by inflation Cons Requires comprehensive individual level data No standard for an acceptable level of inequality The Gini Coefficient