培训课件_先天性心脏病英文.ppt

Congenital Cardiac Anomalies in Children Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) VSD is the most common congenital cardiac anomaly in infants. It is rarely seen in adults because substantial VSD that are not corrected surgically are associated with a high mortality. In addition, the incidence of spontaneous closure of VSD is relatively high; closure occurs particularly often in infancy but also in later years. VSD VSD Congenital Cardiac Anomalies in Children Ventricular Septal Defect The VSD that do appear in adults as isolated anomalies are usually less than 1 cm in diameter. Because the opening is quite small, normal systolic pressure can be maintained in the right ventricle and in the pulmonary artery. Congenital Cardiac Anomalies in Children Ventricular Septal Defect In infants with a large VSD, medical management has two aims: to control heart failure and to prevent the development of pulmonary vascular disease. Therapeutic measures are aimed at the control of heart failure symptoms and the maintenance of normal growth. Congenital Cardiac Anomalies in Children Ventricular Septal Defect Indications for surgical closure of VSD include patients at any age with large defects in whom clinical symptoms and failure to thrive cannot be controlled medically. Infants between 6 and 12 mo of age with large defects associated with pulmonary hypertension, even if symptoms are controlled by medication. Congenital Cardiac Anomalies in Children Ventricular Septal Defect Surgical closure is usually undertaken to prevent infective endocarditis . The incidence of this complication is not well established, but surgery appears to be highly effective as a prophylactic measure. 室间隔缺损封堵伞 室间隔缺损封堵 Patent Ductus Arteriosus PDA – Persistence of the normal fetal vessel that joins the PA to the Aorta. Normally closes in the 1st wk of life. Accounts for 10% of all CHD, seen in 10% of other congenital hrt lesions and can often play a critical role in some lesions. Female : Male ratio of