基于51单片机的步进电机控制系统设计与应用.doc

步进电机的单片机控制系统的设计 PAGE 58 PAGE 1 学科分类号 08 本科生毕业设计 题 目： 基于51单片机的步 进电机控制系统设计 步进电机的单片机控制系统设计 摘 要：步进电机是一种通过电脉冲信号控制相绕组电流实现定角转动的机电元件，步进电机可以在无速度传感器系统中实现精确的开环状态定位或同步运行。通过控制发送脉冲个数来实现精确的位移或者角度定位，而控制发送脉冲频率来实现速度调节，单片机作为控制核心的控制系统因其能够得到性能优良的控制结果，得到广泛的应用。但是有些控制系统设计的比较复杂而投入上也不经济，有些系统不能做到很灵活，使用不是很方便,交互性不强.因此本文的研究内容就是设计一套硬件与软件相结合的系统简单、经济、但功能较为齐全，适应性强，操作方便，交互性强，把单片机技术和电机驱动技术结合起来的步进电机控制系统。本文首先简描述了步进电机的现阶段情况和发展趋势，以及反应式步进电机的工作原理，实现通过键盘输入相关数据，实时对步进电机工作方式进行设置，实现对步进电机旋转速度和方向的控制，其速度大小能在数码管上显示出来。并对其进行简单的应用。 关键词:步进电机　　单片机　　 Design of control system of stepper motor based on microcontroller Pick to: stepper motor is a pulse signal through the electric control winding current to achieve constant angular rotation of the mechanical and electrical components, the stepper motor can be in the speed sensorless system to achieve precise positioning or synchronous operation of open loop state. By controlling the number of pulses to achieve send accurate displacement or angle position control, and sending the pulse frequency to achieve the speed regulation, the microcontroller as a control core control system because it can get excellent control results, obtained the widespread application. But some control system design is more complex and investment is not the economy, some systems can not do very flexible, the use is not very convenient, interactivity is not strong. Therefore the research content of this paper is to design a set of hardware and software combination of system is simple, economic, but the function is more complete, strong adaptability, convenient operation, strong interactivity, the single chip computer technology and motor driver technology is combined with the step motor control system. This paper briefly describes the stepper motor current situation and development trend, and the reaction of the working principle of stepper motor to achieve, through the keyboard input data, real-time working model of stepping