专升本英语语法与词汇解析.doc

专升本英语语法与词汇 第一章???????????????? 时态 ? 英语中谓语动词的时态(Tense)是一种动词的形式，不同的时态用以表示在不同的时间完成的动作或保持的状态。英语动词共有十六种时态，这里将重点讲解其中较常用的十种时态。 现以动词do为例，将英语十六种时态列表如下： ? 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do does am is are doing have has done have has been doing 过去 did was were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall will do shall will be doing shall will have done shall will have been doing 过去 将来 would do would be doing would have done would have been doing ? 一、一般现在时( The Present Indefinite Tense) 1. 用于表示客观事实, 现在反复发生或习惯性的动作以及存在的特征、状态等,常与often, always, sometimes, usually, once a week, every day, seldom等时间状语连用。 【例句】 The earth revolves around the sun. The students get up at six thirty every morning. 2.?? ?表示按计划或安排好的将来的动作,常使用arrive, be, go, start, stay等动词。 【例句】 There is a dancing party tonight. The plane arrives in Beijing at three this afternoon. 3.?????? 用在以as soon as, when, after, while, as, until, till, whenever, the monument, the minute, immediately, directly等引导的时间状语从句中或以if, unless, as/so long as, in case, provided that等引导的条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时。 【例句】 I’ll ring you as soon as he comes back. If it is fine tomorrow we will go swimming. The machine starts running the moment the button is pressed. l?????????? 注：if条件句中，有will出现时，will是情态动词，意义为“愿意”，“肯”。 ? 二、一般过去时( The Past Indefinite Tense) 一般过去时用于表示过去某时刻或某一时期内的动作或状态, 也可表示过去习惯性的动作。常与表明过去时间的状语连用,如yesterday, then, just now, last month, two days ago, in 1990, 或由when或while等引导的表明过去时间的状语从句。 【例句】 We met him last week. Where did you live when you were young? He used to do fourteen hours a day. l?????????? 提示：一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响，只说明过去。 ? 三、一般将来时(The Future Indefinite Tense) 一般将来时用来表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况，也可表示将来反复发生的动作或习惯性的动作。 【例句】 We shall (will) go to Nanjing tomorrow morning. He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic. The students will have five English classes per week this term. l?????????? 提示：表示将来时态的其他形式与用法： 1．“be going to +动词原形”表示（能看出迹象）很快就要发生的事情或打算要做的事。 It is going to rain. 2．“be to +动词原形”表示安排好的动作或安排别人去做的事。 They are to meet in front of the hall. You