antimetastatic effects of phyllanthus on human lung (a549) and breast (mcf-7) cancer cell linesantimetastatic菲的影响在人类肺癌(a549)和乳腺癌癌症细胞系(mcf-7).pdf

Antimetastatic Effects of Phyllanthus on Human Lung (A549) and Breast (MCF-7) Cancer Cell Lines 1 2 1 1 Sau Har Lee , Indu Bala Jaganath , Seok Mui Wang , Shamala Devi Sekaran * 1 Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2 Biotechnology Centre, Malaysia Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Serdang, Malaysia Abstract Background: Current chemotherapeutic drugs kill cancer cells mainly by inducing apoptosis. However, they become ineffective once cancer cell has the ability to metastasize, hence the poor prognosis and high mortality rate. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimetastatic potential of Phyllanthus (P. niruri, P. urinaria, P. watsonii, and P. amarus) on lung and breast carcinoma cells. Methodology/Principal Findings: Cytotoxicity of Phyllanthus plant extracts were first screened using the MTS reduction assay. They were shown to inhibit MCF-7 (breast carcinoma) and A549 (lung carcinoma) cells growth with IC50 values ranging from 50–180 mg/ml and 65–470 mg/ml for methanolic and aqueous extracts respectively. In comparison, they have lower toxicity on normal cells with the cell viability percentage remaining above 50% when treated up to 1000 mg/ml for both extracts. After determining the non-toxic effective dose, several antimetastasis assays were carried out and Phyllanthus extracts were shown to effectively reduce invasion, migration, and adhesion of both MCF-7 and A549 cells in a dose- dependent manner, at concentrations ranging from 20–200 mg/ml for methanolic extracts and 50–500 mg/ml for aqueous extracts. This was followed by an evaluation of the possibl