管理信息系统（黄东林）管理信息系统的战略规划和开发方法.ppt

4 系统规划_4.1 概述 第4章 系统规划 黄东林 4.1 概述 一、管理信息系统建设启动的原因 4.1 概述 二、诺兰模型及其指导作用 1、诺兰模型 计算机应用到一个组织的管理，一般要经历从初级到成熟的成长过 程。诺兰（Nolan）1973年首次提出了系统发展的阶段理论，被称为诺 兰阶段模型。1980年把系统的成长过程划分为六个不同阶段。 初装 蔓延 控制 集成 数据管理 成熟。 2、诺兰阶段模型的作用 诺兰阶段模型总结了管理信息系统发展的经验和规律，其基本思想 对于管理信息系统建设具有指导意义。 三 The system life cycle A methodology is a recommended way of doing something. The system approach is the basic methodology for solving problems. The system life cycle (SLC) is an application of the systems approach to the development of a computer-based information system or subsystem. The SCL consists of a series of tasks that closely follow the steps of the systems approach. Since the tasks follow an orderly pattern and are performed in a top-down fashion, the SLC is often referred to as the waterfall approach to systems development and use. Life cycle phases The first four phases are jointly called the system development life cycle (SDLC). The fifth phase, which lasts until it is time to scrap or redesign the system. Redesign requires that the cycle be repeated. Life cycle management The first system life cycles were managed by the manager of the information services unit, who was assisted by the managers of system analysis, programming, and operations. In many firms, the responsibility still resides at this level. However, the recent trend has also been to place responsibility at both higher and lover levels. Today, life cycle management can span several organizational levels and involve managers outsides of information services. Figure: Managers of SLC are arranged in a Hierarchy Executive responsibility When the system has strategic value or affects the entire organization, the president or the executive committee may decide to oversee the development project. As the system scope narrows and the focus is more operational, the likelihood increase that such lower-level executives as the executive vice president, the vice president of administration, and the CIO will provi