定语从句与长句的译法.ppt

定语从句与长句的译法 1. Nearly everyone knows the story of ”the dog that worried the cat that caught the rat that ate the grain that lay in the house that Mr. Bubble built.”  几乎人人都知道这个故事：“冒泡先生盖了房，房里堆了粮，耗子把粮食吃光，猫把耗子抓伤，狗又把猫逼上房。”  2. In recent years an interesting fact has been brought to public attention: As educational levels, salaries, and the cost of living have increased, more and more people are now having fewer and fewer children to the point where schools in many cities have to close down.  最近几年一个有趣的情况引起人们的注意：随着教育水平、工资和生活消费的提高，越来越多的人不想多生孩子，已经到了许多城市的学校不得不关门的地步。  How can anyone hope to be a qualified teacher, who doesn’t know what the students are thinking and demanding?  一个教师如果不知道他的学生在想什么，需要什么，怎能指望成为一个合格的教师呢？  一、前 置 法  　　把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组, 放置于被修饰的词之前, 将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句, 这种方法一般用于限制性定语从句比较短的情况。 一些较短的具有描述性的非限制性定语从句也可采用前置法, 但没有限制性定语从句使用得普遍。 　　例1.For example, one function of friendship seems to fulfill is that it supports the image we have of ourselves, and confirms the value of the attitudes we hold. 　　例如, 友谊的一个作用似乎是支持我们在自己心目中的形象, 并使我们持有的价值观念更加坚定。 　　 例2.The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. 　　如果要从智力方面进行任何比较的话, 那么对所有被比较者来说, 前两个因素必须是一样的。 例4. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that difference in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. 　　相反, 行为主义者认为, 成绩的差异是由于黑人常常被剥夺了白人在教育及其他外界环境方面所享有的许多有利条件而造成的。 二、后 置 法  　　当定语从句较长时, 如果翻译成前置的定语, 就会不符合汉语的表达习惯, 在这种情况下, 往往把该定语从句翻译成并列的分句, 放置于原来它所修词的后面。另外在处理此类定语从句时, 一般遵循的原则是: 若保留先行词, 则在第二个分句中加以重复, 若省略, 则两个并列分句中均不再保留。当然, 在实际的翻译过程中也有例外。 　　 例1. All the water that flows through the wide pipe in a second must somehow get through a narrow part too, which it can do only by going faster. 　　 在一秒钟内流过粗管子的全部水量, 一定会以某种方式通过细管子, 这只有靠加快流速才能做到。 　　 例2. Per