the creation and physiological relevance of divergent hydroxylation patterns in the flavonoid pathway不同的羟基化模式的创建和生理相关性类黄酮途径.pdf

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2010, 11, 595-621; doi:10.3390/ijm OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 /journal/ijms Review The Creation and Physiological Relevance of Divergent Hydroxylation Patterns in the Flavonoid Pathway Heidi Halbwirth Institut für Verfahrenstechnik, Umwelttechnik und Technische Biowissenschaften, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/1665, A-1060 Wien, Austria; E-Mail: hhalb@mail.zserv.tuwien.ac.at; Tel.: +43-1-58801-17311; Fax: +43-1-58801-17399 Received: 11 December 2009; in revised form: 27 January 2010 / Accepted: 28 January 2010 / Published: 4 February 2010 Abstract: Flavonoids and biochemically-related chalcones are important secondary metabolites, which are ubiquitously present in plants and therefore also in human food. They fulfill a broad range of physiological functions in planta and there are numerous reports about their physiological relevance for humans. Flavonoids have in common a basic C -C -C skeleton structure consisting of two aromatic rings (A and B) and a heterocyclic 6 3 6 ring (C) containing one oxygen atom, whereas chalcones, as the intermediates in the formation of flavonoids, have not yet established the heterocyclic C-ring. Flavonoids are grouped into eight different classes, according to the oxidative status