语言学提纲(学生).doc

语言学复习 I. Define the following terms 名词解释 1. allomorphs 2.suprasegmental features 3. The semantic triangle 4.cultural transmission (as a defining feature of human language) 5. phonemic contrast (give an example) 6. context 7. sense 8. relational opposites (give an example) 9. perlocutionary act 10. Reference II．Answer the following questions. 回答问题 1. Take the following pairs of words: kill coal / kin cone / kit coat The k in the first column is not identical with that in the second since its point of articulation is different: it is a forward k whereas the other is a backward k. How do phoneticians and linguists view this difference? Consider now the following pairs: cap gap / came game / coal goal How do linguists view this difference? 2. Sometimes a grammatically correct sentence can make no sense. For example: Sincerity shook hands with a brown apple. Q: How can you explain this phenomenon? (You should answer this Q by mentioning sentence meaning, grammaticality and selectional restriction.) Then analyze this sentence. 3. Q: What are the four maxims of Cooperative Principle? Consider the following conversation: A: Where is Jack? B: He’s gone to the library. He said so when he left. Q: Which maxim does B’s response violate? What possible conversational implicature does B’s words have? III. Choice 1. Antonyms are divided into several kinds. Which of the following is NOT a kind of antonyms? A. complementary B. relational C. polysemic D. gradable 2. In terms of predication analysis, the utterance “Is it going to snow this afternoon?” is a __________. A. one-place predication B. two-place predication C. three-place predication D. no-place predication 3. “I bought some roses” __________ “I bought some flowers”. A. entails B. presupposes C. is inconsistent with D. is synonymous with 4. Y’s utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of __________. X: Who was that you were with last night? Y: Did you know