专题07 阅读理解之说明文15篇（上海市高考模拟真题）（第一期）（解析版）.docx

专题07阅读理解之说明文15篇

(上海市高考模拟)

基础语篇巩固练

（2025·上海奉贤·一模）Intheyear1669,aGermantradernamedHennigBrandsetoutonanunusualquestthatwouldleadtooneofthemostfascinatingdiscoveriesinthehistoryofchemistry.Brand,drivenbytheage-oldalchemists’dreamofmagicallyturningbasemetalsintogold,conductedaseriesofexperimentsthatwouldforeverchangeourunderstandingofelements.

Brand’sjourneybeganwithanassumptionthatthekeytocreating“gold”residedinhumanurine(尿液).Thisseeminglystrangeideawasfueledbytheobservationthaturinesharedasimilaryellowcolorwiththepreciousmetal.Actingonthisbelief,Brandcollectedanastonishing5000litersofurineandallowedittostandandferment(发酵).

Afterweeksoffermentation,Brandboiledtheurinedowntoathick,stickysubstance.Hethenmixedthispastewithsandandheatedthemixturetoanextremetemperature.Whatemergedfromthisprocesswasasubstancethatwasentirelynewtotheworldofscience—awhitesolidthatshonewithasoftlightinthedark.

Brandnamedthisglowingmaterial“phosphorus,”originatingfromtheGreekwordsfor“lightbearer.”Thediscoveryofphosphoruswasnotjustascientificbreakthrough;itcapturedtheimaginationofthepublicandthescientificcommunityalike.Itsabilitytogiveofflightinthedarknesswasbothfascinatingandmysterious.

TheimplicationsofBrand’sdiscoverywerefar-reaching.Phosphoruswasnotonlyanoveltybutalsoasubstancewithpracticalapplications.Itwouldlaterbecomeanessentialcomponentintheproductionofmatches,fertilizers,andvariouschemicals.

HennigBrand’saccidentaldiscoveryofphosphorusin1669wasmorethanjustfindinganewelement;itmarkedtheendoftheeraoftheperiodofmagicchemistryandthebeginningofmodernchemistry.Brand’sphosphorus,oncesoughtasameanstowealth,becameacornerstoneinthefieldofscience,acleardemonstrationofpowerofcurios