语言学第六章PartOne.ppt

TeachingaimFOREIGNLANGUAGESCOLLEGEPartOne

Chapter6LanguageandCognition

TeachingpointsWhatiscognition?Whatispsycholinguistics?

1.Sensorimotorstage(birthto2years).Thechild’scognitivesystemislimitedtomotorreflexesatbirth.感觉运动阶段:儿童的认知系统局限于出生时的运动反射.2.Preoperationalstage(2-7years).Childrenacquirerepresentationalskillsandespeciallylanguage.前运算期:获得表达能力,特别是语言能力.3.Concreteoperationalstage(6/7-11/12).Childrenareabletounderstandconcreteproblemsandtakemultipleperspectivesintoaccount.具体运算期4.Formaloperationalstage(11/12toadult).Atthisstagechildrenarecapableoflogical,theoretical,andabstractcognitiveoperations.形式运算期:能够进行逻辑,理论和抽象的认知运算.childhoodcognitivedevelopment(Piaget):

inLatin:cognoscere,toknow,toconceptualizeortorecognize)--thescientifictermfor“theprocessofthought”.referstoafacultyfortheprocessingofinformation,applyingknowledge,andchangingpreferences.Cognition,orcognitiveprocesses,canbenaturalorartificial,consciousorunconscious.Theseprocessesareanalyzedfromdifferentperspectiveswithindifferentcontexts.--Wikipediacognition

41.Mentalprocesses,informationprocessing2.Mentalprocessorfacultyofknowing,includingawareness,perception,reasoning,andjudgment.cognition

Theformalapproach:structuralpatterns,includingthestudyofmorphological,syntactic,andlexicalstructure.Thepsychologicalapproach:languagefromtheviewofgeneralsystemsrangingfromperception,memory,attention,andreasoning.Italsoinvestigateslanguagebothforitsformalpropertiesandforitsconceptualproperties.Eg.Analysisofsemanticmemory,theassociationofconcepts,thestructureofcategories,inferencegenerationandconceptualknowledge.Theconceptualapproach:howlanguagestructures(processespatterns)conceptualcontent.

PsycholinguisticsPsychologicalaspectsoflanguage.Psychologicalstatesandmentalactivitywiththeu