英语语法非谓语动词详细讲解.ppt

动词不定式有主动态及被动态之分，当不定式的逻辑主语是该不定式所表示的动作的执行者时，该不定式用主动态；当不定式的逻辑上的主语是该不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，该不定式用被动态。 被动态不定式可在句中充当如下一些语法作用： Is it possible for our hopes to be realized ? （作主语） She hated to be flattered . （奉承） （作宾语） He wanted the letter to be typed at once. （作宾语补足语） The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room. （作主语补足语） There are a lot of things to be done.（作定语） She was too young to be assigned such work. （作状语） 如果上述结构中的不定式属于不及物动词，则必须加上结构或含义所需的介词。 The river is dangerous to bathe in. Good conversation is often exciting to listen to. Do you remember me and my mother coming to see you?? ? 也可以写成或说成Do you??remember me and??my mother s coming to see you?? ? 就是所有格的形式作动名词的逻辑主语，而上面的句子，使用的是 my mother （中心词是 mother），用的是名词的本身形式，就是通格 ，也就是这个名词即可以作主语（它就是主格形式），也可以作宾语（就是宾格形式）。例如： My mother is a worker. （my mother 就是主格形式）Yesterday I helped my mother do some housework. （my mother 就是宾格形式）名词本身即可以在句子中作主语，也可以在句子中作宾语，我们通常把这种形式称作名词的通格。 5) V-ing与V-ed作定语 一般来说，V-ing作定语多表示动作上的主动或进行，V-ing作定语多表示动作的被动或完成。 Will the people sitting at the back please keep quiet? There were a lot of people cutting rice in the fields. This is the book recommended by the professor. The material needed is iron. 6) V-ing与V-ed作状语 ① 表示时间 Arriving at the station, he found his train gone. Seen from the hill, the town looks beautiful. ② 表示原因 Born and bred a countryman (因为生长在农村)，he could not live happily in London. Knowing English well, he translated the article without a dictionary. ③ 表示条件 Given more time, he would be able to do better. Working hard, you will succeed. ④ 表示结果 A letter has just come, relieving me from anxiety. ⑤ 表示让步，经常由though或although引出 A