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大学英语语法第2讲-非谓语动词.ppt

发布:2016-09-27约1.36万字共45页下载文档
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非谓语动词 概念:非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词、形容词和副词作用的动词形式,而不是作谓语的动词形式。 特点:与谓语动词相比,非谓语动词既不能单独作谓语,其形式又不受主语的人称或数的限制。故又称为非限定动词。 分类:三种形式:动名词,不定式和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。 非谓语动词——动名词 一、动名词 动名词是一种非谓语动词,形式为v+ing,与现在分词同形。 基本形式: 非谓语动词——动名词 A. 动名词的特点:兼具名词和动词的特征。 1. 动名词的动词特征:动名词可以有宾语,可以用状语修饰 (1)带宾语 a. He avoided giving us an answer. 动名词giving后有双宾语。 b. The doctor advised taking exercise. 动名词taking后有宾语exercise. (2)用状语修饰 a. I enjoy working with you. with you 是状语,修饰动名词working b. She doesn’t allow smoking in her house. in her house 是状语,修饰动名词smoking 非谓语动词——动名词 2. 动名词的名词特征即其语法功能:在句中充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。 (1)作主语 a. Smoking may cause cancer. b. Hunting for a job is not easy for those who have just graduated. c. It’s nice talking to you. It 是形式主语,真正的主语是动名词短语talking to you d. It’s a waste of time arguing about it. 非谓语动词——动名词 (2)作表语 a. The real problem is getting to know the needs of the customers. b. His greatest interest in life is traveling. (3)作宾语 a. Would you mind not using your mobile phone in the meeting room? b. Your shoes need polishing(擦一擦). c. Are you interesting in going to the show(演出)? d. I’m proud of having a friend like you. 非谓语动词——动名词 【考试重点】 以下动词只能用动名词作宾语 admit 承认 appreciate 赞赏,感激 finish 完成 avoid 避免,避开 imagine 想象 miss 错过 practice 练习 delay 耽搁 mind 介意 consider 考虑 postpone 推迟 enjoy 享受 risk 冒风险 suggest 建议 Suggest doing 虚拟:that (should) do 非谓语动词——动名词 【考试重点】 下列惯用语中,应使用动名词 1)can’t help doing = can’t but do 禁不住 2)There is / It is no use (good) doing 没有用 3)be worth doing 值得 4)be busy doing 忙于 5)feel like doing 想 6)What (How) about doing ?…如何? 7)spend time (in)doing 花时间做某事 8) difficulty(困难) have a trouble (in) doing problem good (hard)time 非谓语动词——动名词 B. 动名词的完成时和被动式 表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生时,用动名词的完成时。 非谓语动词——动名词 B. 动名
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