国际支付结算第十章练习配套答案.doc

bank guarantee A bank guarantee is used as an instrument for securing performance or payment especially in international business.a bank guarantee is a written promise issued by a bank at the request of its customer,undertaking to make payment to the beneficiary within the limits of a stated sum of money in the event of default by the principal. 银行保函作为一种保证履行或付款的工具在国际贸易中经常使用。银行保函是银行应客户的要求而开立的书面承诺书，保证在委托人违约时向受益人支付规定数额的货币。 basic functions of guarantees guarantees are used as secure mechanism for payment of the contract amount A contactor uses a guarantee as default instrument that covers the risk of non-performance or defective performance by contractor Counter guarantee A counter guarantee refers to any guarantee or other payment undertaking of the instructing party given in writing for payment of money to the guarantor on presentation in conformity with the terms of the undertaking of a writing demand for payment and other documents specified in the counter guarantee. 反担保是指示人出具的任何书面保证或其他付款承诺，凭提交与承诺条款相符的书面付款要求以及反担保内容规定的其他文件，支付款项给担保人。 Counter Guarantor Sometimes ,a bank or a financial institution or any other body acting as an instructing party issues a counter guarantee acting on the instruction of a principal in favor of a bank or a financial institution located in the beneficiary’s country. The instructing party instructs the bank or a financial institution located in the beneficiary’s country to issue a letter of guarantee on behalf of the principal in favor of a specified party named therein. 指示方或称反担保人，是指接受申请人的委托，而向受益人所在地银行发出开立保函的委托指示，并同时保证在受托行（保函的担保人）遭到索赔时立即予以偿付的银行或其他金融机构。在保函业务中，反担保人不直接接受受益人提出的任何索赔，而仅向担保人承担责任，对担保人负责，凭担保人提出的要求予以偿付，并同时享有对申请人进行追偿的权利。 反担保人的责任是：保证申请人履行合同义务。同时，向担保人做出承诺，即当担保人在保函项下做出付款以后，担保人可以从反担保人处得到及时、足额的补偿，并在申请人不能向担保人做出补偿时，负责向担保人赔偿损失。 Types of bank guarantee In terms of the relationship with the underlying transaction :accessory guarantee and independent guarantee. In terms of methods of issuing the guarantee:direct guarantee and indirect guarantee