人们对记忆运作方式看法一项人口代表性调查psychology reading 1心理学阅读.pdf

WhatPeopleBelieveaboutHowMemoryWorks:A

RepresentativeSurveyoftheU.S.Population

12

DanielJ.Simons*,ChristopherF.Chabris

1DepartmentofPsychology,BeckmanInstitute,UniversityofIllinois,Champaign,Illinois,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2DepartmentofPsychology,UnionCollege,

Schenectady,NewYork,UnitedStatesofAmerica

Incorrectbeliefsaboutthepropertiesofmemoryhavebroadimplications:Themediaconflatenormalforgettingand

inadvertentmemorydistortionwithintentionaldeceit,juriesissueverdictsbasedonflawedintuitionsabouttheaccuracy

andconfidenceoftestimony,andstudentsmisunderstandtheroleofmemoryinlearning.Weconductedalarge

representativetelephonesurveyoftheU.S.populationtoassesscommonbeliefsaboutthepropertiesofmemory.

Substantialnumbersofrespondentsagreedwithpropositionsthatconflictwithexpertconsensus:Amnesiaresultsinthe

inabilitytorememberone’sownidentity(83%ofrespondentsagreed),unexpectedobjectsgenerallygrabattention

(78%),memoryworkslikeacamera(63%),memorycanbeenhancedthroughhypnosis(55%),memoryis

permanent(48%),andthetestimonyofasingleconfidenteyewitnessshouldbeenoughtoconvictacriminaldefendant

(37%).Thisdiscrepancybetweenpopularbeliefandscientificconsensushasimplicationsfromtheclassroomtothe

courtroom.

Citation:SimonsDJ,ChabrisCF(2011)WhatPeopleBelieveaboutHowMemoryWorks:ARepresentativeSurveyoftheU.S.Population.6(8):e22757.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022757

Editor:LaurieSantos,YaleUniversity,UnitedStatesofAmerica

ReceivedMay26,2011;AcceptedJune30,