上海交通大学物理实验报告（大一下）非线性元件伏安特性的测量.docx

非线性元件伏安特性的测量【实验目的】1、学习测量非线性元件的伏安特性，针对所给各种非线性元件的特点，选择一定的实验方法，选用配套的实验仪器，测绘出它们的伏安特性曲线。2、学习从实验曲线获取有关信息的方法。【实验原理】1．检波和整流二极管检波二极管和整流二极管都具有单向导电作用，他们的差别在于允许通过电流的大小和使用频率范围的高低．2．稳压二极管稳压二极管的特点是反向击穿具有可逆性，反向击穿后，稳压二极管两端的电压保持恒定，这个电压叫稳压二极管的工作电压．3．发光二极管发光二极管是由半导体发光材料制成的，与材料的禁带宽度所对应的电压叫发光二极管的开启电压．当加在发光二极管两端的电压小于开启电压时，发光二极管不会发光，其中也没有电流流过．电压一旦超过开启电压，电流急剧上升，二极管处于导通状态并发光，此时电流与电压呈线性关系，直线与电压坐标的交点可以认为是开启电压．4．光电二极管光电二极管除了具有一般二极管的特性外，它的PN结装在管子的顶部，可以直接接收光照．无光照时，光电二极管的伏安特性与普通二极管相似．在光照下，构成光电二极管的PN结能产生电动势，称为光生伏特效应．与普通二极管不同，光电二极管通常工作在反向偏置电压状态或无偏压状态．它的伏安特性可用下式表示图 2光电二极管伏安特性曲线【实验数据记录、结果计算】数据记录检波(正向)稳压(反向)U/VI/mAU/VI/mA0.1040.013.640.020.1110.013.710.030.1340.033.760.040.1410.043.880.050.1480.053.90.060.1560.064.080.10.1580.074.380.230.1640.084.430.270.1720.14.490.320.1790.114.620.480.1860.134.720.710.2010.184.750.780.2090.214.760.80.2090.214.790.930.2160.254.811.020.2190.264.871.30.2240.284.921.70.2410.314.941.860.2460.394.962.140.2690.544.972.320.2810.634.992.550.3230.995.0130.3591.365.023.180.3941.775.033.450.4282.225.054.030.4682.825.064.390.5263.785.075.080.5654.55.095.960.6165.515.16.560.6556.325.1180.6857.015.128.440.7418.315.139.930.8019.835.1411.050.84511.035.1511.360.90612.735.1614.621.02116.275.1716.131.104195.1818.871.16721.45.1819.86绿色红色紫色黄色蓝色U/VI/mAU/VI/mAU/VI/mAU/VI/mAU/VI/mA1.970.021.580.022.670.021.70.022.450.032.060.061.640.082.770.11.730.042.60.351.820.452.640.522.170.281.680.22.830.251.850.852.6990.262.860.41.871.32.711.222.342.880.521.881.452.731.522.352.211.720.522.90.731.91.932.762.022.382.671.750.992.920.941.922.52.792.672.413.391.761.222.941.221.932.692.823.422.444.11.771.452.961.641.953.272.843.992.55.651.791.972.982.111.973.982.864.742.546.911.82.4532.831.984.32.885.732.568.091.812.743.023.431.994.852.916.923.13.044.112.025.952.938.232.6411.081.833.673.065.12.046.052.959.252.6510.651.844.163.086.052.067.952.9610.112.6812.031.854.698.922.9911.542.713.31.875.943.128.462.119.883.0113.452.7314.151.897.763.1610.962.1311.023.0214.182.7616.0812.492.1612.233.0516.472.8118.451.9210.