外语教学中的非词语化现象研究.doc
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外语教学中的非词语化现象研究
提 要:非词语化是大部分常用词汇的主要意义趋向和行为特征, 是搭配词之间在使用中意义共享的必然结果。本文基于语料库,以常用词gain,run为例,研究外语教学中的非词语化现象及其对词汇产出的影响,发现常用词的非词语化用法是词汇意义变化的趋势,但也是中国英语学习者的难点所在。非词语化用法普遍存在难以产出的现象。
关键词:非词语化;外语教学;gain; run
中图分类号:H319.3 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-0100(2010)04-0107-3
Phenomenon of Delexicalization in Foreign Language Teaching
─ Exemplified by Gain and Run
Zhong Shan-hui
(Hunan College of Finance and Economics, Changsha 410205, China)
Most common words show tendency towards delexicalization, which is a kind of major meaning tendency, behavior feature and the inevitable result of shared meaning among collocations in the context. Exemplified by gain and run and based on corpus, this paper studies the delexicalization phenomenon in foreign language teaching and its effect on vocabulary output. The study shows that for most common words the delexicalization usage is a kind of tendency of meaning change, but it is difficult for Chinese English learners to acquire. Indeed, there is acommon phenomenon that it’s hard to output this usage of delexicalization.
Key words:delexicalization; foreign language teaching; gain; run
1 非词语化概念
严格说,非词语化(delexicalization)是词语学(lexis)研究领域的概念,研究搭配中的意义关系与行为特征,是交际过程中的形式共现(co-selection)、语境中的意义传染和影响导致的必然结果(卫乃兴 2009)。首次系统提出非词语化概念体系的是Sinclair. 他认为,语料库中相当多的常用词都不同程度地丧失了原有的语义内容,意义很难确定,显现“渐次非词语化”(progressive delexicalization)的趋势(Sinclair 1991)。对于常用词尤其是高频词的非词语化现象,只能谈其用法,不能谈其意义。Sinclair提出“意义共享”(shared meaning)的解释机制,认为词的意义与其语境不可分割,也受相邻共现伙伴意义的传染和影响。Sinclair的这一研究引领不少西方学者关注英语常用词的非词语化特征(Partington 1993,Tognini-Bonelli 2001)。
非词语化研究不只关注几个具有明显趋向的高频动词,如do, give, have, get, keep, make, set, take和 put等, 也涉及常用名词、动词、形容词和副词等主要词类。下面,本文将以常用动词gain和run为例,探讨其在V.+N.搭配序列中的非词语化特征。
2 常用词gain和run的非词语化特征
本文只讨论BNC语料库中与gain和run搭配最显著的前20个名词。
与gain显著搭配的前20个搭配词可以分为三类:(1)表获得或增加“需要/想要之物”的名词9个:support, confidence, experience, momentum, reputation, indepen-dence, recognition, qualification, approval。(2) 固定词组的成分一个:ground(gain ground, 指make prog
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