儿科学(广医大)先心双语.PPT
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ASD catheterization ASD Prognosis and Complications Pneumonia Heart failure Infective endocarditis Pulmonary hypertension Atrial arrhythmia Tricuspid regurgitation ASD treatment Surgical repair: 2~6 yrs Early surgery: Infants with CHF or significant pulmonary hypertension, “mini” sternotomy posterior thoracotomy approach Closure with device (Amplazer) ASD封堵适应证(Amplatzer) 年龄:通常≥3岁,60岁,体重8kg 继发孔型左向右分流ASD 直径 30 mm 缺损边缘至肺静脉、腔静脉、二尖瓣口及冠状静脉窦口的距离5mm 房间隔的伸展径大于房缺直径14mm以上 不合并必须外科手术的其他心脏畸形 外科术后残余分流 ASD封堵禁忌症 明显紫绀,肺动脉高压,右向左分流; 部分或完全肺静脉畸形引流; 筛网状、冠状窦型及多发ASD; 左心房发育不良; 复杂型先天性心脏病; 全身感染,出凝血功能障碍,阿司匹林禁忌。 自膨胀双伞镍钛合金网结构; 左房侧比右房侧大4mm; 腰部为3层膜结构,直径即封堵器大小,腰长3~4mm。 ASD封堵器 Closure procedure Before and after ASD closure 定义:胚胎期室间隔(流入道、小梁部和流出道)发育不全所致。 发病率:最常见的先心病 占先天性心脏病25% 单独室缺 其它合并室缺者 二、室间隔缺损(VSD) (Ventricular Septal defect) Types due to the position (1) Membranous (2) Supracristal (3) Muscular Ventricular Septal defect, VSD VSD Pathophysiology (1) Small VSD, restrictive VSD, diameter 0.5cm, RV pressure normal (2) Moderate VSD, diameter 0.5~1.0cm (3) Large VSD, nonrestrictive VSD, 1.0cm, RVP=LVP 小型室缺(Roger病) 中型室缺 大型室缺 缺损直径(mm) 5 5~10 10 分流大小 少 较多 Qp/Qs 2~3 大非限制性 Qp/Qs 3~5 症状 无或轻微 有 明显 肺血管 可无影响 有影响 肺高压 Eisenmenger VSD按缺损大小分类 VSD血液循环途径 VSD分流 肺循环充血 肺动脉充血 右心室 右心房 上下腔静脉 肺静脉回流增多 左心房扩大 左心室扩大 主动脉搏血减少 体循环缺血 Why the LA is enlarged? LV RV LA RA Small VSD: Most often asymptomatic discovered during PE Large VSD(large shunt): (1) Pulmonry blood :repeated URI or pneumonia (2) Systemic blood :poor growth, pale, lack of power, hidrosis, tachypnea after exercise, feed difficulty (3) Hoarse voice (4) Cyanosis early, Eisenmenger syndrome VSD Clinical manifestation VSD Cardiac sign Inspection: apical impulse widespread Palpation: systolic lift, with thrill Percussion: cardiomegaly Auscultation: 3,4 LSB pansystolic rough murmur, Ⅲ~ Ⅳ diastolic murmur at apex P2 accentuated (PAH) Cyanosis (Eisenmenger) VSDⅢ~ Ⅳ /Ⅵ级全收缩期杂音 VSD E
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