高中英语语法（完整版）.pdf

（1 ）表语从句 1 ． 定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2 ． 构成：关联词 +简单句 3 ． 引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词 that 。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词 whether, as, as if 。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词 if 一般不用来引导表语从句，但 as if 却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but its as if it was only yesterday. 这都是 20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。 能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词 be, seem, look 等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 (3) 连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why 。 如： The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1 ． 连词 because 可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2 ． 在一些表示 “建议、劝说、命令 ”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。 should+ 动词 原形表示， should 可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。 （2 ）主语从句 1 ． 定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2 ． 构成：关联词 +简单句 3 ． 引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词 that 。 如： That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词 whether 。如： Whether he ’ll come here isn ’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why 。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家 我唯一的家。 解释： 1 ． 主语从句能用 it 作形式上的主语。常以 it 作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+ 形容词 (obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable