HAZOP-3危险与可操作性.pptx

LossPreventionLosspreventioninchemicalindustriesinvolve:IdentificationandassessmentofmajorhazardsControlofhazardsbycontainment,substitution,improvedmaintenanceControlofprocessbyutilizingautomaticcontrol,reliefsystem,interlock,alarmLimitationoflosswhenaccidenthappens

LossPreventionThemajorformalizedtechniquesare:HazardsandOperability(HAZOP)FaultTreeAnalysis(FTA)Failuremode-and-effectanalysis(FMEA)SafetyindexesSafetyaudit

WhatisHAZOP?SystematictechniquetoIDENTIFYpotentialHAZardandOPeratingproblemsAqualitativetechniquebasedon“guide-words”tohelpprovokethoughtsaboutthewaydeviationsfromtheintendedoperatingconditionscanleadtohazardoussituationsoroperabilityproblems?HAZOPisbasicallyforsafetyConsiderableengineeringinsightisinvolved

3HAZOPstudyareappliedduring:NormaloperationForeseeablechangesinoperation,e.g.upgrading,reducedoutput,plantstart-upandshut-downSuitabilityofplantmaterials,equipmentandinstrumentationProvisionforfailureofplantservices,e.g.steam,electricity,coolingwaterProvisionformaintenance.HAZOPStudy

HAZOPTeamTeamLeaderTeamSecretaryProcessEngineerMechanicalEngineerCommissioning/OperationsEngineer/ManagerInstrumentEngineerHAZOPstudiesarecarriedoutusinga`brainstormingapproachbyateam,chairedandcoordinatedbyaqualifiedpersonexperiencedinHAZOPs:

5HAZOPisasystematic,reasonablycomprehensiveandflexible.Itgivesgoodidentificationofcauseandexcellentidentificationofcriticaldeviations.Theuseofkeywordsiseffectiveandthewholegroupisabletoparticipate.HAZOPisanexcellentwell-provenmethodforstudyinglargeplantinaspecificmanner.StrengthofHAZOP

6HAZOPisverytimeconsumingandcanbelaboriouswithatendencyforboredomforanalysts.Ittendstobehardware-orientedandprocess-oriented,althoughthetechniqueshouldbeamenabletohumanerrorapplication.HAZOPdoesnotidentifyall