雅思分全程学习计划进阶强化阅读训练b2 risk.pdf

B2Risk

ReadingExercises

Step1:Completethesentences.Useyourknowledgetochoosethecorrectanswer.

1Arisk-takerissomeonewhoisintolerantof:

boredom.

excitement.

commitment.

2Peopletakerisksbecause:

theywanttobethebestatsomething.

theywanttofacetheirgreatestfears.

theywanttofeelexcitedorthrilled.

3Thesocialgroupthattakethemostrisksare:

youngwomen.

elderlymen.

adolescentmen.

Thepsychologyofrisktaking

Definitionofarisk-taker

Wehaveallmetrisk-takers–fromthetoddlerwhoalwaysheadsforthebiggestslideinthe

playground,tothe70-year-oldmanwhogoesskydivingeveryweekend.Risk-takersoften

findthingcitingthatotherpeoplewouldfindterrifying.Thisisthedifferencween

risk-takersandpeoplewhoarerisk-averse.Butwhatisitthatmakespeopleactinoften

dangerousways,allforthesakeofexcitement?PsychologistssuchasDrMarvin

Zuckerman,professorattheUniversityofDelaware,saythatarisk-takingalityis

causedbyacombinationofgenesandexperience.So,forexample,thatrisk-takingtoddler,

whohasrisk-takinggenes,willfindthatthebiggestslidegiveshimthebiggestpleasure,and

hewillkeepheadingforthatone.Arisk-aversetoddlermightfollowhim,butbeso

frightenedbytheexperienceofslidingdownthebigslidethatheavoidsallslidesforseveral

monthsafterwards.

Categoriesofrisk-takers

Zuckerman’sresearchshowsthatrisk-takerscanbedividedintodifferenttypes.Peoplewho

practiseextremesports,forexample,areadventurous.Otherrisk-takersmighthavealackof

inhibition–whenpeoplelosetheirinhibitionsinsocialsettings–ormakelifestylechoices

whichdevi