基础语法(十三)主谓一致和倒装句.doc

（十三）主谓一致和倒装句 01 命题趋势 考标导向化 主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一，经常出现在近几年的中考试卷中。考查重点是主谓一致：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则，其中语法一致原则和就近一致原则是历年的考查热点。从命题形式来看，主要以单项选择为主，在完形填空、句型转换和翻译句子中有时也会涉及此考点。 02 定义 概念清晰化 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。 语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致，即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。就近一致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。 03 知识归类 知识网络化 ?语法一致原则 分类图解 使用情况 例句 “不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 The girl is fond of singing. To protect the environment is our duty. Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes. 表示复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 The students are having their math class. They have been to Qingdao twice. and连接主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词)，则谓语动词要用单数形式。 Eating vegetables and doing exercise are good for our health. The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming. both…and…连接主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 Both Peter and Mike come from England. 有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses, shorts, trousers, jeans, shoes, clothes, gloves等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Jack’s glasses are broken. Linda’s shoes are black and blue. “a number of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 A number of trees have been planted. The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 120. 不定代词another, each one, either, neither, the other, somebody, someone, something, nobody, everybody, everyone, everything, nothing, anybody, anything, anyone, no one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Is everyone here? Something is wrong with my computer. I called last night,but nobody was in. 主语后面跟with, along with, like, except, besides, as well as, together with, including, no less than, rather than, as much as等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致 Mei Mei,with her parents,often goes to the park on Sunday. A teacher,together with some students,is standing at the gate. 主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort/ type/ form/ pair/ cup/ glass/ piece/ load/ block/ box/ ha