微观经济学(黄新飞)cha.ppt

Chapter14

LandAndRent黄新飞InternationalBusinessSchoolSun－YatSenUniversityRentasReturntoFixedFactorsThepriceofusingapieceoflandforaperiodoftimeiscalledrentor,pureeconomicrent.Rentisthepaymentoftheuseoffactorsofproductionthatarefixedinsupply.FixedLandMustWorkforwhateveritcanearnRLDDSSPerfectlyinelasticsupplycharacterizesthecaseofrent.WerunuptheSScurvetothefactordemandcurvetodeterminerent.*Rentofland(dollarsperyear)QuantityoflandSDD’4003002001000QIneconomics,wesaythatthelandlordbearstheburdenofthetax.SE’ELD’DTaxingLand*AtaxonfixedlandleavespricespaidbyusersunchangedatEbutreducesrentretainedbylandownerstoE’RLDDSS1002003000EE’D’D’TheSingleTaxMovementThatispreciselytheconclusionreachedbysomeoneacontinentawayinasimilarsituation.1ThatpersonwasthejournalistHenryGeorge,thetimeandplacewas19th-centuryAmerica,andthedebatewasovertheso-calledsingletaxmovement.“2Ataxonpureeconomicrentleadstonoallocativeinefficiencyordeadweightloss3BasicConcepts*Capital(orcapitalgoods)consistsofthosedurableproducedgoodsthatareinturnusedasproductiveinputforfurtherproduction.Therearethreemajorcategoriesofcapitalgoods:structures,equipment,andinventoriesofinputsandoutputs.12PriceandRentalsonCapitalGoodsPriceofcapitalgoodsdenotesthepriceofcapitalgoodsboughtandsoldincapital-goodsmarkets.Paymentsfortemporaryuseofcapitalgoodscalledrentals.12TheRateofReturnonCapitalTherateofreturnoncapitaldenotesthenetdollarperyearforeverydollarofinvestedcapital.课堂测试*14世纪的欧洲，鼠疫的流行在短短几年内夺去了大约三分之一人口的生命。这个被称为黑死病的事件为检验我们刚刚提出了一个可怕的自然实验。你认为工人攒到的工资和土地所有者的租金有什么变动呢？FinancialAssetsandInterestRateFinancialassetsincludeCash,andthoseassetsthatcanbe