一带一路_沿线国家语言状况.pdf

专题研究：“一带一路”的语言问题 * “一带一路”沿线国家语言状况 王　辉　王亚蓝 （宁夏大学国际教育学院；宁夏大学语言规划与语言政策研究所 宁夏 银川 750021 ） 提 要 本文从官方语言、官方语言谱系分类、主体民族语言、外语及少数民族语言五个维度，概述和分析了“一带一 路”沿线国家的语言状况。“一带一路”沿线 65 个国家中有 53 种官方语言，属于大语系，语言资源丰富，语言状况 复杂。沿线国家重视语言问题，语言使用呈现出鲜明的区域特色。在对这些国家语言状况初步研究的基础上，本文提出 一些思考，以期为我国制定和实施面向“一带一路”的语言战略提供参考。 关键词 “一带一路”沿线国家；语言状况；语言战略 Language Situation of “the Belt and Road” Countries Wang Hui and Wang Yalan Abstract This article explores the language situation of the “the Belt and Road” countries, including offi cial language, ethnic lan- guage, and foreign language. Drawing on an extensive secondary research of offi cial and scholarly literature, we propose that at least 65 countries are connected by “the Belt and Road”, and no less than 53 offi cial languages are used in these countries. The study fi nds that most of the countries have one offi cial language, except 12 countries which have more than one offi cial language. Further, most of the countries emphasize the importance of offi cial language and stipulate that in the constitutions. Arabic serves as the offi cial language of 14 countries, mostly in West Asia and North Africa. Moreover, various ethnic languages are spoken in “the Belt and Road” countries, and the distribution of ethnic languages is closely connected to the historical and political situations of the country concerned. Foreign language is an important part in the language situation of these countries. English is a global language and in many cases is a second language or a foreign language in “the Belt and Road” countries. Languages such as Russian have enduring regional infl uences and still are widely used in the former Soviet Union countries. Remarkably, Chinese becomes incr