宏观经济学复习课,26-31.ppt

期末复习课;考试题型：;26章：汇率;基本知识;汇率模型;汇率模型：进一步解释;汇率模型：进一步解释;汇率模型：进一步解释;汇率模型：进一步解释;If the exchange rate is too high, a surplus of U.S. dollars drives it down. If the exchange rate is too low, a shortage of U.S. dollars drives it up. The market is pulled (quickly) to the equilibrium exchange rate at which there is neither a shortage nor a surplus.;在给定汇率的情况下： U.S. exports (正相关) The U.S. interest rate differential （正相关） The expected future exchange rate （正相关）;在给定汇率的情况下： U.S. import (正相关) The U.S. interest rate differential （负相关） The expected future exchange rate （负相关）;汇率模型：进一步解释;汇率模型：反向关系;汇率：当考虑时间与空间因素时;真实汇率;真实汇率;自己看书;27章：AD-AS模型;长期总供给线;In the short run, the quantity of real GDP supplied increases if the price level rises. The SAS curve slopes upward. A rise in the price level with no change in the money wage rate induces firms to increase production.;短期总供给;Figure 27.4 shows an AD curve. The AD curve slopes downward for two reasons: Wealth effect Substitution effects;让AD线左右移动的原因： -对未来收入的预期。（正相关） -财政与货币政策 -世界经济;Figure 27.6 illustrates a short-run equilibrium. If real GDP is below equilibrium GDP, firms increase production and raise prices… … and if real GDP is above equilibrium GDP, firms decrease production and lower prices. ;Figure 27.7 illustrates the adjustment to long-run equilibrium. Initially, the economy is at below-full employment equilibrium. In the long run, the money wage falls until the SAS curve passes through the long-run equilibrium point.;Figures 27.9(c) and (d) illustrate below full-employment equilibrium. The amount by which real GDP is less than potential GDP is called a recessionary gap. Figure 27.9(d) shows how, as the economy moves from one type of short-run equilibrium to another, real GDP fluctuates around potential GDP in a business cycle.;解释商业波动;解释商业波动;关于不同经济流派，自己看一下笔记;28章：凯恩斯模型;凯恩斯模型：基本概念;凯恩斯模型：基本概念;;凯恩斯模型：基本概念;凯恩斯模型;凯恩斯模型;凯恩斯模型：乘数;凯恩斯模型：乘数（图形）;凯恩斯模型：乘数（代数形式）;乘数：AE, PRICE, RGDP;Changes in Aggregate Expenditure and Aggregate Demand Figure 28.9 illust