翻译理论与实践29.doc

作业讲评： The founders of modern science The men who founded modern science had two merits which are not necessarily found together: immense patience in observation, and great boldness in framing hypothesis. The second of these merits had belonged to the earliest Greek philosophers; the first existed, to a considerable degree, in the later astronomers of antiquity. But no one among the ancients, except perhaps Aristarchus, possessed both merits, and no one in the Middle Ages possessed either. Copernicus, like his great successors, possessed both. He knew all that could be known, with the instruments existing in his days, about the apparent motions of the heavenly bodies on the celestial sphere, and he perceived that the diurnal rotation of the earth was a more economical hypothesis than the revolution of all the celestial spheres. 创立近代科学的那些人有两种不一定并存的长处：作观察时十分耐心，设假说时有大无畏精神。其中第二种长处最早期的希腊哲学家先前曾有过，第一种长处在古代晚期的天文家身上也有相当程度的表现。但是在古代人中间，也许除亚里士达克外，没有人同时具备这两种长处，而中世纪的时候，更无人具备任何一种。哥白尼像他的一些伟大的后继者，两者兼有。关于各天体在天球上的外观运动，用当时已有的仪器所能知道的一切他全都知道；他并且认识到，地球每日自转一周这种讲法和所有天体旋转这讲法比起来，是个较简便的假说。 Translation of Proper Nouns and Technical Terms(专有名词和专门术语译法) (part 2) 2 Semantic Translation (意译) Proper nouns such as the names of organizations, institutions, newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, news agencies, books, films, some names of places implying certain meanings, and most of technical terms, should generally be translated semantically. Translators should first refer to encyclopedias, dictionaries, and specialized handbooks such as 《各国政府机构手册》、《联合国组织机构名称》、《世界报刊、电台、通讯社译名手册》、《英汉技术词典》、各科专门术语手册. Daily Telegraph (英、澳、新)每日电讯报 Pentagon 五角大楼(美国国防部所在地) AP (Associated Press) 美联社(美国联合通讯社) Whitehall 白厅(英国政府机关所在地) Fleet Street 舰队街(英国伦敦的一条街，报馆集中的地方) sandwich course 工读交替制课程 In translating names of organizations, institutions, titles, etc, remember that different established versions may apply for different usage of the same term: President 总统；大学校长；会长；总裁；董事长；总经理；银行行长；等等 Chairman(通常男性)主席；董事长；总裁；会长；理事长；委