第二讲 句子成分与句子类型.ppt

句子类型;英语句子成分;目录页 ;翻入前页;noun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing V-ed etc.; ; ; ; ; ;翻入前页; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;句子类型;句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种： 1）陈述句（肯定、否定）： He is six years old. She didn’t hear of you before. 2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）： Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she? ;3）祈使句： Be careful, boys. Keep silent, please. Don’t talk in class. Tom, don’t waste your time! 4）感叹句： How clever the boy is! = What a clever boy! How beautiful the dress is! =What a beautiful dress! What a fine day! ;2、按句子的结构分：简单句、并列句和复合句。 1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 He often reads English. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.;2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（;）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。;3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。 The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.;句子成分包括：主、谓、宾、表、定、状 主语：是一个句子中所要表达描述的对象，可以是名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、名词化形容词、短语、从句等。 The house is big. You are students. Two is the second number. ;谓语：用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态。谓语一般是动词，放在主语的后面。（有时态、人称等变化） We come to school five days a week. I have homework to do today. Anne kept a diary. Does he work hard every day? I will go to the part tomorrow. ;宾语：谓语动作所涉及的对象,它是动作的承受者,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的成分担任，一般放在谓语后面。 Jim likes football very much. He gave me a book. We call her Anne. I find it difficult to stay awake when I’m really sleepy. ;表语：用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。 You are a student. Mary looks pretty in red. 玛丽穿红色衣服很好看。 The chicken smells tasty.鸡肉闻起来很香。 We stay friends for many years.我们是多年的好友了。 ;常见的系动词： be(是), look(看起来), feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是), appear(似乎、显得),prove(证明是), smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来) remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持), continue(继续、仍旧),stand(处于某状