大学高级英语语法PPT第一章.ppt
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Introduction 自学考试英语专业《英语语法》科目是一门理论性和实践性都非常强的课程,旨在考核考生能否熟练掌握现代英语语法的基本理论和概念,掌握词的形态变化和用词造句的规则,以及组句成篇的一般形式和规律。 考试题型 客观试题为主,主观试题为辅,分为十个题型: 问答题 名词解释 多项选择 词汇分类 填空题 句型转换题 双项选择题 改错题 选择正确形式题 联句成篇 课程命题考试的规定 闭卷 百分制 (六十分及格) 考试时间:150分钟 学习方法: 学习语法是为了加强语言基本功和提高语言表达能力,不是为了记住规则。 应以句法为主,词法为辅,把句子结构和句子结构的变化放在学习的主要位置。 语法知识是通过大量的实践积累起来的,要结合自己的薄弱环节,辅以大量的练习,在语言实践中掌握语法。 要自觉地、有意识地观察、分析、记忆各种语言现象,通过实践领会基础知识和基本规则,提高辨别正误、造句和理解能力。 学习方法: 5. 语法规则不是停滞不前,脱离语言实际的僵死条文,而且长期以来语法界众说纷纭,各有所长,所以学习语法应采用灵活的、比较的、批判的方法。 6. 语法教材种类繁多,所用术语不尽相同,学习时要注意术语所代表的实质,不要纠缠于术语的异同。 7. 理论与实践相结合,在学习理论的同时,要注意操练巩固。 8. 要认真研读本教材,因为授课和命题围绕本教材进行。 Chapter one The Structure of English Sentence 本章学习重点: 从语篇到词素各语言组成部分的层次关系 构词法 术语解释, 如:noun phrase, complex sentence等 1. Introduction What is an English sentence? Traditional grammar: a sentence is defined as the expression of a complete thought. problems: Impractical to tell where a complete thought begins and where it ends Fail to account for incomplete sentences Modern grammar focuses on the internal structure of a sentence. A sentence is the largest unit to which a grammatical structure can be assigned. (句子是一个最大的可分配语法结构的语言单位) A sentence is composed of smaller units: clauses, phrases, words, etc. which build up a hierarchical structure. Sentences could come together to form a text so as to convey a complete message. A text consists of one or more sentences A sentence consists of one or more clauses A clause consists of one or more phrases A phrase consists of one or more words A word consists of one or more morphemes A morpheme 1.1 Morphemes (p3-4) e.g. unmentionables → un-mention-able-s unforgettable unreliable mentions mentioned comparable advisable desks beds Terms (p4) : Morpheme (词素) is the minimal meaningful unit in a language. Morph (词素变体) is a form in which a morpheme is realised. Allomorph (词素变体、 同词词素) is a phonetically, lexically or grammatically conditioned member of a set of morphs repres
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