大学英语重点grammar1.ppt

English Grammar CAI YIQIANG 蔡以强 Welcome to this course Course assessment A. 平时成绩 在总评成绩中所占比例为40%。 一般为上课的出勤情况、学习的态度，课堂表现、平时作业和/或合（协）作精神等。 B. 期末考试: 60% Requirements Conduct yourself in an mature manner acceptable in and appropriate to an adult classroom and learning environment; Regular attendance (In order to provide the best possible learning environment for all the people involved, you should attend all the scheduled class sessions. Absences will be permitted only for reasons acceptable under the general school policy; you should be in classroom and get ready to begin work at the appointed starting time. Repeated absences and lateness are not desirable, likely to result in poor grade) ; Take notes whenever possible; You should submit, on time and in the required form, your assignments, tests and exercises required of you; Feel free to ask questions and make suggestions; Independent accomplishment of assignments; Ready response to feedback comments from the teacher or your peers; Active participation in classroom activities and cooperative projects, such as discussion and presentation. All in all, you shall be assessed as per your 1) performance in class sessions, the quality and completion of assignments if any, 2) participation and commitment to the class, 3) results on examinations. Lecture 1 Introduction to English Grammar Study I. 学习英语语法的必要性 1. 英语语法的内涵 英语语法就是关于形态变化和语言结构的规范。/语法是语言组织规律的学问。现代英语语法具有两个特点：突破句子界限，开辟了话语和语篇结构分析；语法研究深入到了语义和语用层面。 2. 语法与语言学习和运用的关系 Swain指出，交际能力应包括社会语言能力、话语能力、策略能力和语法能力。Geoff Thompson认为，那种一提到交际法就觉得是不讲语法规则的认识是对交际法的误解。他说：“学语言必须学习语法是不言而喻的常识，这一点在前几年受到质疑是不可思议的。”他进一步认为， 应有一定的课堂时间用来学习语法。Wilkins 和Canale 等学者都指出，只有掌握了语法知识才能保证语言创造性能力的发展，缺乏语法知识就会限制语言创造能力的发展。换言之，掌握好所学语言的语法规则是培养交际能力的基础。 以写作来说，同一个意思可以借助多种多样的语言形式来表达。如果写作者善于捕捉变体的机会，他就能最大限度地利用语言的表达潜力而不局限于陈规俗套和呆板句式，深刻体会到英语语法中五彩缤纷的选择余地（见下例），就意味着具备在写作中交替利用这些机会以达到不同修辞效果的强烈意识。 1. It is the feeling of the President that there are enormous responsibilities which are to be assumed with an