有关动词的一些小知识.doc

Verbs 1、Classification 功能: notional verb 实义v. link verb 系v. auxiliary verb 助v. modal verb 情态v. 直接 transitive verb (vt.) 及物v. 宾语 intransitive verb (vi.) 不及物v. 直接 predicate verb 谓语v. 谓语 non-predicate verb 非谓语v. 主语 finite verb 限定v. 限定 infinite verb 非限定v. 变化 regular verb 规则v. 规则 irregular verb 不规则v. 动作 terminative verb 终止性v. 持续 durative verb 持续性v. 动作 static verb 静态v. 强弱 dynamic verb 动态v. simple verb 简单v. 形态 compound verb 复合v. 结构 phrasal verb 短语v. ·auxiliary verb：verb used with notional verbs to show tense, voice, or emphatic mood, and to form a question or negative statement; meaningless itself ，can’t be used as V. alone ·Usage of aux. V. 1. to form negative V. I don’t like your hat. 2.to form a question Do you like my hat? 3. to form inversion Never did I expect to see him. 4. to replace mentioned verb to avoid repetition.Do you like English?Yes, I do ·modal verb：verb used with notional verbs to indicate speaker’s feelings andattitudes, i.e. to express possibility, permission, obligation,etc. . can/could/ may /might/must/shall/ should/will/would/need/dare/ought to ＊incomplete meaning; ＊can’t be used as V. alone; ＊must be followed by infinitive form of verb; ＊no person and number changes; ＊some have past tense ·Usage of modal v. 1.to indicate speaker’s tone and attitude 2. for subjunctive mood（虚拟语气） 3. for speculation （推测） ■虚拟 ＊各种虚拟句 ＊表示轻微责备or遗憾：情态v. (not) + have done “…（而实际却没…）” “本不该/必…（而实际却…）” was/were to + have (been) done “过去计划中要做某事，实际上没做” ＊区别:“shouldn’t + have done” 表示过去本不该做的事情，实际上却做了 “needn’t + have done” 表示过去本不必做的事情，实际上却做了 E.g.They shouldn’t have left so early. You needn’t have bought it. You needn’t have come here yesterday. ■推测 might, may, could, can, must ＊情态v.+do（原形）→对现在状态或经常动作推测 ＊情态v.+be doing →对此时此刻发生的动作行为推测 ＊情态v.+hav