英语语法资料精简版.doc

虚 拟 语 气1. 表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的用动词的过去式()，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。　　 If places ______ a like, there would be little need for geographers地理学家　　2. 表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。　　We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we _____ him,　　A) would have telephoned 　　 B) must have telephoned 　　C) would telephone 　　　　　 D) had telephoned 　　3. 表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形。　　Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she ______ a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often.　　4. 省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。（这种结构在口语中很少使用）。　　Had he worked harder, he _____ the exams. get through)5）宾语从句中的虚拟语气 一、wish 后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气。按“后退一步法”处理从句的谓语动词。 二、表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气从句中用“should + 动词原形”构成 三、would rather ＋从句,在这种结构中，从句的位于动词用过去形式表示虚拟。 6）主语从句中的虚拟语气 一、It be + 形容词 + that ．．．（should）．．． 二、It be + 过去分词 + that ．．．（should）．．．． 三、It is time（about time， high time）that ．．．（过去式动词形式或should＋动词原形）．．．． 7）表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在suggestion， proposal， order， plan， idea， advice， decision等表语从句、同位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用：should＋原形动词。 翻译练习 1. Why is she looking at me?????????????????????? （像是她认识我似的）? Ihave never seen her before in my life. 2. I avoided mentioning the sensitive subject lest ?????????????????????? (触犯他)。 here, there, up, down, out, away, now, then, There was a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat. In each room are ten students. 注意：在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副词开头的句子中，且谓语是come, go, be等动词时，句子一般要全部倒装。如果主语是人称代词，主语和谓语不须倒装。例如： Now, here goes the story. There he comes. Away they hurried. 他们急忙走开了。 二：当含有否定意义的词或短语放在句首时，要用部分倒装。这类词包括：not, never, neither, seldom, little, nowhere, hardly, scarcely, rarely, no longer, not until, at no time, by no means, on no account, in no case, under no circumstances, on no account, not only … but also…。 Not until he came back did I leave. (注意：只能是主句的主谓倒装) 三