英语:非谓语动词+专项练习.doc
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非谓语动词
非谓语动词(不能作谓语):包括不定式,分词,动名词
动词不定式
常用形式:
一般主动式to do 一般被动式to be done 完成主动式to have done
完成被动式to have been done 进行式to be doing
2.语法功能:
可作主、表、宾、宾补、定和状(即除谓语之外的各种成分)。
1)主语:To master a foreign language is very important.
2)表语:My job is to drive them to the company every day.
3)宾语:Do you want to visit the Great Wall?
Can you give us some advice on what to do next?
4)宾补:The teacher advised us to have a rest first.
I didn’t notice them come in.
注:see, watch, notice, hear ,have, make, let等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to, 但变为被动语态以后(即不定式作主补时)要带to, 其中let sb. do sth. 变为被动式为sb. is let do sth.
help(帮助)后作宾补的动词不定式可带to,也可不带to. 即help sb.(to)do sth.
5)定语:不定式位于所修饰的名词,代词之后(当一个词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时,该名词只能选不定式作后置定语)如:
Who was the first one to set to the top of the hill yesterday?
He is the man to depend on/to believe in.
6)状语:
A.目的状语:She reads China Daily every day so as to improve her Chinese.
注:in order to 可以位于句首或句中,so as to 不能位于句首。
B.原因状语: I’m glad to see you .
注:这种“be+形容词+不定式”结构,其不定式有时也可视为宾语,如:
He is eager to go to college./ She is sure to come here.
C结果状语:They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们一直活到见到家乡解放。
△在“too…to…”结构中表“太…结果不能”,如:He is too weak to do the work.
注:too之前如果有only, only too 表“非常”、“很”意,此时不定式不再表否定意,而表肯定意。如:They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit. 他们很幸运去国外访问。
另外,too后如果是happy, glad之类形容词时,不定式也表肯定意,
如:She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street.
can’t...too... “再...也不为过”“越...越好”
You cant be too careful when crossing the road.
在“形容词/副词+enough+不定式”结构中表“足以能…”,如:He is strong enough to do the work .
only to do
3.复合结构不定式(for sb. to do sth.)
可作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。for 本身无意义,sb.可称之为不定式的逻辑主语。例如:I think it is necessary for him to go there at once.(复合结构不定式作宾语)
注:当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质,性格或特征时,不用for, 而用of,
如:It is kind of you to help me .(相当于You are kind to help me .)这类形容词有good,nice,kind,wise, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, careless, impolite(不礼貌)等。right, wrong既可用于for sb. to do sth. 也可用于of sb. to do sth. 例如:It’s rig
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