英语非谓语动词讲解和练习.doc
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英语非谓语动词讲解及练习
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非谓语动词 不定式(to do)
动名词 (doing)
根据时态和语态(主动与被动),它们有不同的变化形式,如:
现在分词 doing : 有being done(被动式) ; having done (完成式); having been done (完成被动式)
不定式 to do : 有to be done(被动式); to have done (完成式); to be doing(进行式)
动名词 doing : 有having done(完成式); being done(被动式);
非谓语动词的特点: 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征,虽然它们没有人称和数的变化,但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征:
分词具有形容词和副词的特征;
动名词具有名词的??征;
不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。
具体来讲:分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等;
动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等;
不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。
动词不定式
1.To learn a foreign language is difficult .(动词不定式作主语)
2. His wish is to be a driver . (动词不定式作表语)
3.Tom wanted to have a cup of beer . (动词不定式作宾语)
4.The teacher told us to do morning exercises .(动词不定式作宾补)
5.I have nothing to say . (动词不定式作定语)
6.They went to see their aunt . (动词不定式作目的状语)
7.It’s easy to see their aunt.(动词不定式作真正主语,it 代替不定式作形式主语)
8.I don’t know what to do.(带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语)
9.I heard them make a noise .(不带to 的动词不定式作宾补)
掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题:
1. “to” 是不定式符号还是介词,下列短语中的to 都是介词。
agree to、object to 、close to、come to,lead to , refer to , equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to
2. 带to 还是不带to
I have no choice but to give in
I cannot do anything but give in
I saw him enter the classroom .
但是: He was seen to enter the classroom .(hear、see、watch等感官动词表被动时不能省略to.)
例:He was seen to play in the street just now.
3. 动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of .
句式:It is +adj+ of sb to do sth.
It is +adj+ for sb to do sth.
It’s necessary for you to study hard . (表事物的性质)
It’s foolish of him to do it . (表某人的品质)
与of 连用的形容词有:good, kind , nice , wise , foolish , right , careful , careless , polite 等表示人品格的词语
4.后接不定式作宾语的动词有:
want ,hope ,wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange ,dare , decide
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