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2008高三英语基础知识复习.doc

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高三英语语言基础知识复习一 胡小力 马燕 范存智 (一)动词时态 动词时态是英语的一个特点,在汉语中,无论动作发生在过去、现在,还是将来,动词的写法是不变的。因此,受汉语思维的影响,中国学生在写英语中出现的时态错误屡见不鲜。 例1,时态与时间状语不一致: 错误:Over the last 100 years, there were a lot of great inventions happening in human society. 正确:Over the last 100 years, there have been a lot of great inventions happening in human society. Over the last 100 years 表示持续的一段时间,因此,谓语动词需要用现在完成时,类似的短语还有 during the past/the last few days, in the past/the last few months等。 例2,时态的相互呼应不一致: 错误: I asked my mother to buy me a new dress, but doesn’t have enough money for it. 正确 :I asked my mother to buy me a new dress, but she didn’t have enough money for it. 并列句时态应该一致。 由于动词时态是初中语法知识的内容,很多高三考生在备考中并不重视动词时态的复习。然而,动词时态作为语法知识的主干知识,是高考英语必须过关的语法项目。动词时态的掌握为动词的语态、语气以及非谓语动词的掌握奠定了重要的基础。初中所学习的动词时态知识基本上停留在基本概念的学习和理解,缺乏综合运用方面的训练。但是,高考英语对动词时态的考查,要求考生要具备动词时态灵活运用的能力,例如写作试题,很多考生由于动词时态基础差,导致所写短文无法上档次、得高分。近几年高考英语的单选试题,很多考生由于动词时态的综合性和语境化运用能力不强导致丢分。 语法动词时态的备考重点可以概括为:“321”,即3个一般时、2个进行时和1个完成时,尤其是现在完成时的用法是考查热点。英语的现在完成时的用途之广及其重要性,除现在、过去和将来之外,远为其它时态所不及。这主要是因为,现在完成时表示过去的动作对目前状况产生的影响或延续到目前的状况,这一功能也是一般过去时所不具备的。例如:China has always been on the side of all those peace-loving countries. 该句通过完成时既陈述了中国的立场,也表达了中国对爱好和平国家的支持,还显示出中国的气质和态度。一个时态能传示出如此之广的信息,当属英语这一时态的独到之处。 现在完成时的功用基本为以下五点: 对已经开始的动作的结局的总结: They have completed the whole project. ---You have left the light on. ---Oh, so I have. I’ll go and turn it off. (NMET2000) The coffee is wonderful! It doesn’t taste like anything I have ever had before. (NMET2005) 对过去动作持续到目前或延续到将来的过程描述: I have thought that there’s something more important than money. 3)交待过去的动作或行为对现在产生的影响: I have seen the book already. The price has gone down, but I doubt whether it will remain so. (NMET99) Shirley was writing a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it. (NMET98) 4)表示某一时段内某种动作或行为的重复性或固定性: I have told her how to use the computer. 5)在条件句中表示将来要完成的动作: By the time I have read the whole book through, I’ll let you know what I think about the book. 就跟随现在完成时态的状语而言,其数目也远
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