初中高中英语衔接课 - 句子成分.ppt

定义: 组成句子的各个组成部分叫句子的成分: 主语,谓语, 宾语,表语, 定语,状语,补语 sentence elements （一）主语：句子说明的主体和对象。一般位于句首。最常见由名词、代词充当，例如： Our English teacher likes singing.  We often speak English in class.  subject （二）谓语：用于说明主语的动作,状态，特征等内容,一般紧跟主语后面。谓语由动词(包括be动词)，动词词组（及其各种语态和时态）构成。例如：He opens the door. You may keep the book for two weeks.  He has caught a bad cold. She was reading a book. predicate （三）宾语：宾语表示动作所施加给的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面(动宾和介宾)。例如： He opens the door.  I listen to music everyday . I enjoy listening to popular music.  object （四）表语:用以说明主语的身份,特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如:be, become, get, grow, turn, smell, feel, look, sound, taste等)之后. The weather has turned hot. The speech is exciting. It looks interesting. predicative （五）定语：修饰名词、代词的成分称为定语。用于限定名词的性质,特征,数量,状态,类别等内容.Two maps Two large new maps ?? Two large new maps of the world. 两张 大的 新的 世界的 地图 China is a developing country. There are thirty women teachers in our school. 修饰 限定 翻译成“…的” attribute （六）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态的特征的成分叫做状语，它可表示时间,地点,速度,方式,程度,手段等内容。 He opens the door quickly. He has lived in the city for ten years. He is in the room making a model plane. He is playing basketball outdoors. Adverbial 如果状语由一个句子充当，那么这个句子就叫状语从句，比如我们以前学过的由when或if引导的状语从句： When I was young, I often went to the countryside.Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句） 状语种类如下：We meet at six?  Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.  I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. Mr. Smith lives on the third floor. 原因状语 条件状语 时间状语 地点状语 In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. She works very hard though she is old.  目的状语 结果状语 让步状语