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高中英语句子成分讲解视频.doc

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高中英语句子成分讲解视频 篇一:高中英语语法分类讲解:句子成分 语法复习一:句子成分;简单句、并列句和复合句 一、句子成分 (一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 (二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词前面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如: During the 1990s, American has become more and more popular.(名词)often speak English in class.(代词) (数词) (不定式) does harm to the health.(动名词) should help the poor.(名词化的形容词) (主语从句) .(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式) (三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He running every morning. 2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You the book for two weeks. He(2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We (四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如: Our teacher of English is an (名词) Is it ?(代词) The weather has turned .(形容词) The speech is Three times seven is ?(数词) His job is (不定式) His hobby(爱好)is .(动名词) The machine must be (介词短语) Time is . The class is .(副词) The truth is .(表语从句) (五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如: They went to see an (展览)yesterday.(名词) The heavy rain prevented form coming to school on time.(代词) How many dictionaries do you have? I have (数词) They helped with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词) He pretended (不定式短语) I enjoy (动名词短语) I think((宾语从句) 宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor. (六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如: His father named him .(名词) They painted their boat .(形容词) Let the fresh air .(副词) You mustnt force him We saw her .(现在分词) We found everything in the lab(介词短语) We will soon make our city (七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示: Guilin is a (形容词) China is a (分词) There are thirty teachers is our school.(名词) rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词) Our monitor is always the first.(不定式短语) The plan for next term has been
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