高分子化学实验报告.doc

摘 要 离子交换法是液相中的离子和固相中离子间所进行的的一种可逆性化学反应，当液相中的某些离子较为离子交换固体所喜好时，便会被离子交换固体吸附，为维持水溶液的电中性，所以离子交换固体必须释出等价离子回溶液中。离子交换树脂一般呈现多孔状或颗粒状，其大小约为0.5 ~1.0mm，其离子交换能力依其交换能力特征可分： （1）强酸型阳离子交换树脂：主要含有强酸性的反应基如磺酸基（－SO3H），此离子交换树脂可以交换所有的阳离子。 （2）弱酸型阳离子交换树脂：具有较弱的反应基如羧基（－COOH基），此离子交换树脂仅可交换弱碱中的阳离子如Ca2+、Mg2+，对于强碱中的离子如Na+、K+等无法进行交换。（—SO3H）（—COOH）（—C6H4OH）R—SO3H，式中R代表树脂母体，其交换原理为: 2R—SO3H＋Ca2＋ =（R—SO3）2Ca＋2H＋ ABSTRACT Ion exchange process is a reversible chemical reaction between the liquid phase and solid phase, when some of the ion is prefered by the ion exchange solid, will be absorbed by the ion exchange solid. In order to maintain the electric neutrality of water solution, so ion exchange solid must release the equal ion back to solution. Ion exchange resin generally presents as multiple holes or particle shape, its size is about 0.5 ~ 1.0mm, the ion exchange capacity can be divided into 2 parts by its exchange capacity characteristics: （1） Strong-acid cation exchange resin: mainly contains strong acid reaction medium such as sulfonic acid group (- SO3H ), this ion exchange resin can exchange all cations. （2） Weak-acid cation exchange resin: having a weaker reaction medium such as carboxyl ( -COOH ), this ion exchange resin can only exchange cations in the alkali such as Ca2 +,Mg2 +, for those in strong alkali such as Na +,K + cannot exchanged. Most of cation exchange resin containing sulfonic acid (-SO3H), carboxyl (-COOH) or a phenol-based (-C6H4OH) and other acidic groups, which hydrogen ions can exchange with metal ions in solution or other cation. Such as styrene and the strong acid cation exchange resin obtained by divinyl benzene polymer through the sulfonation, and its structure can be simply expressed as R-SO3H, where R represents the resin matrix, the principle of the exchange is: 2R—SO3H＋Ca2＋ =（R—SO3）2Ca＋2H＋Cation exchange resin, Acidic groups, Metal ions, Hydrogen ion, Sulfonated resin matrix 前 言 离子交换树脂是一种具有网状立体结构、且不溶于酸、碱和有机溶剂的固体高分子化合物．离子交换树脂的单元结构由两部分组成。一部分