微观经济学:生产成本解析.ppt
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在长期里,在任何产量的平均总成本都是使用生产那个产量的最有效率的投入的成本(比如在平均总成本最低的工厂规模时生产) * 在短期,固定成本从而工厂规模不变。 * * * The following might be helpful: After the first paragraph displays, pick a Q a little to the left of QA. From this Q, go up to the ATC curves. Notice that cost per unit is lower for the small factory than the medium one. The firm may be stuck with a medium factory in the short run, but in the long run – if it wishes to produce this level of output – it will choose the small factory to have the lowest cost per unit. Hence, for Q QA, the LRATC curve is the portion of ATCS from 0 to QA. After the second paragraph displays, pick a Q a little to the right of QA. From this Q, go up to the ATC curves. Notice that cost per unit is lower for the medium factory than the small one. The firm may be stuck with a small factory in the short run, but in the long run – if it wishes to produce this level of output – it will choose the medium factory to have the lowest cost per unit. Hence, for QA Q QB, the LRATC curve is the portion of ATCM from QB to QA. The same type of argument illustrates the logic in the third paragraph. * * This slide is not intended to be part of the presentation, but you or your students might be interested in seeing the numbers behind the graphs. THE COSTS OF PRODUCTION * 例 2: 所有的成本曲线 0 AFC AVC ATC MC $0 $25 $50 $75 $100 $125 $150 $175 $200 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 数量 成本 主动学习 3 成本的计算 * 完成下面这个表格空缺的地方 210 150 100 30 10 VC 43.33 35 8.33 260 6 30 5 37.50 12.50 150 4 36.67 20 16.67 3 80 2 $60.00 $10 1 n/a n/a n/a $50 0 MC ATC AVC AFC TC Q 60 30 $10 主动学习 3 参考答案 * Use AFC = FC/Q Use AVC = VC/Q Use relationship between MC and TC Use ATC = TC/Q 首先,推出FC = $50 并利用FC + VC = TC. 210 150 100 60 30 10 $0 VC 43.33 35 8.33 260 6 40.00 30 10.00 200 5 37.50 25 12.50 150 4 36.67 20 16.67 110 3 40.00 15 25.00 80 2 $60.00 $10 $50.00 60 1 n/a n/a n/a $50 0 MC ATC AVC AFC TC Q 60 50 40 30 20 $10 THE COSTS OF PRODUCTION * $0 $25 $50 $75 $100 $125 $150 $175 $200 0 1 2
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