cyanobacteria as biocatalysts for carbonate mineralization蓝藻作为碳酸盐矿化的生物催化剂.pdf

Minerals 2012, 2, 338-364; doi:10.3390/min2040338 OPEN ACCESS minerals ISSN 2075-163X /journal/minerals Review Cyanobacteria as Biocatalysts for Carbonate Mineralization Nina A. Kamennaya, Caroline M. Ajo-Franklin, Trent Northen and Christer Jansson * Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; E-Mails: NKamennaya@ (N.A.K.); CAjo-Franklin@ (C.M.A.-F.); TRNorthen@ (T.N.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: CGJansson@; Tel.: +1-510-486-7541; Fax: +1-510-486-7152. Received: 20 March 2012; in revised form: 5 September 2012 / Accepted: 26 September 2012 / Published: 29 October 2012 Abstract: Microbial carbonate mineralization is widespread in nature and among microorganisms, and of vast ecological and geological importance. However, our understanding of the mechanisms that trigger and control processes such as calcification, i.e., mineralization of CO to calcium carbonate (CaCO ), is limited and literature on 2 3 cyanobacterial calcification is oftentimes bewildering and occasionally controversial. In cyanobacteria, calcification may be intimately associated with the carbon dioxide-(CO ) 2 concentrating mechanism (CCM), a biochemical system that allows the cells to raise the concent